Imirongo gakondo ya hydraulic ikoresha impera imwe yaka umuriro, mubisanzwe ikorerwa kuri SAE-J525 cyangwa ASTM-A513-T5, bigoye kubona imbere mu gihugu.OEM ishakisha abatanga ibicuruzwa murugo irashobora gusimbuza umuyoboro wakozwe kuri SAE-J356A kandi ugashyirwaho kashe ya O-ring nkuko bigaragara.Umurongo nyawo.
Icyitonderwa cya Muhinduzi: Iyi ngingo niyambere mubice bibiri byuruhererekane ku isoko no gukora imirongo yohereza amazi kumurongo mwinshi.Igice cya mbere kivuga uko ibintu byinjira mu gihugu no hanze y’ibicuruzwa bisanzwe.Igice cya kabiri kivuga ku bicuruzwa bito gakondo bigenewe iri soko.
Icyorezo cya COVID-19 cyateje impinduka zitunguranye mu nganda nyinshi, harimo iminyururu itanga imiyoboro hamwe n’ibikorwa byo gukora imiyoboro.Kuva mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2019 kugeza ubu, isoko ry'imiyoboro y'ibyuma ryagize impinduka zikomeye mu bikorwa ndetse no mu bikoresho.Ikibazo cyarengeje igihe cyari hagati yibitekerezo.
Ubu abakozi bafite akamaro kanini kuruta mbere hose.Icyorezo ni ikibazo cyabantu kandi akamaro k ubuzima kahinduye uburinganire hagati yakazi, ubuzima bwumuntu n'imyidagaduro kuri benshi, niba atari bose.Umubare w'abakozi bafite ubuhanga wagabanutse kubera ikiruhuko cy'izabukuru, kuba abakozi bamwe badashobora gusubira ku kazi kabo ka kera cyangwa kubona akazi gashya mu nganda imwe, n'ibindi byinshi.Mu minsi ya mbere y’icyorezo, ikibazo cy’ibura ry’abakozi cyibanze cyane mu nganda zishingiye ku mirimo yo ku murongo wa mbere, nko kwivuza no gucuruza, mu gihe abakozi bo mu ruganda bari mu biruhuko cyangwa amasaha y’akazi yagabanutse ku buryo bugaragara.Muri iki gihe abahinguzi bafite ikibazo cyo gushaka no kugumana abakozi, harimo n’abakora inganda zifite ubunararibonye.Gukora imiyoboro ni akazi k'ubururu busaba akazi gakomeye mubihe bitagenzuwe.Wambare ibikoresho byokwirinda kugiti cyawe (nka masike) kugirango ugabanye kwandura kandi ukurikize amategeko yinyongera nko gukomeza intera ya metero 6.Intera itandukanijwe nabandi, wongeyeho guhangayikishwa nakazi kamaze guhangayika.
Kuboneka kwicyuma nigiciro cyibikoresho fatizo byibyuma nabyo byahindutse mugihe cyicyorezo.Icyuma nikintu gihenze cyane kumiyoboro myinshi.Mubisanzwe, ibyuma bingana na 50% yikiguzi kuri metero imwe yumurongo.Kugeza mu gihembwe cya kane cya 2020, igiciro cy’imyaka itatu cy’icyuma gikonje cy’imbere mu gihugu muri Amerika cyari hafi $ 800 kuri toni.Ibiciro biri mu gisenge kandi ni $ 2200 kuri toni mu mpera za 2021.
Gusa ibi bintu byombi bizahinduka mugihe cyicyorezo, abakinyi kumasoko yimiyoboro bazabyifatamo bate?Ni izihe ngaruka izo mpinduka zigira ku ruhererekane rwo gutanga imiyoboro, kandi ni izihe nama nziza ku nganda muri iki kibazo?
Mu myaka yashize, umuyobozi w’uruganda rukora imiyoboro yavuze mu ncamake uruhare rwa sosiyete ye mu nganda: “Hano dukora ibintu bibiri: dukora imiyoboro turayigurisha.”benshi bahindura indangagaciro yibanze yikigo cyangwa ikibazo cyigihe gito (cyangwa ibyo byose bibera icyarimwe, bikunze kubaho).
Ni ngombwa kunguka no gukomeza kugenzura wibanda kubyingenzi: ibintu bigira ingaruka kumusaruro no kugurisha imiyoboro myiza.Niba imbaraga z'isosiyete zitibanda kuri ibyo bikorwa byombi, igihe kirageze cyo gusubira mu by'ibanze.
Mugihe icyorezo gikwirakwira, icyifuzo cy'imiyoboro mu nganda zimwe na zimwe cyaragabanutse kugera kuri zeru.Inganda zimodoka namasosiyete mubindi nganda byafatwaga nkibyoroheje byari ubusa.Hari igihe benshi mu nganda badakora cyangwa ngo bagurishe imiyoboro.Isoko ry'imiyoboro ikomeje kubaho ku mishinga mike ikomeye.
Kubwamahirwe, abantu batekereza kubucuruzi bwabo.Abantu bamwe bagura firigo yo kubika ibiryo.Nyuma yaho gato, isoko ryimitungo itimukanwa ryatangiye kwiyongera kandi abantu bakunda kugura ibikoresho bike cyangwa byinshi bishya mugihe baguze inzu, ubwo buryo bwombi bwashyigikiraga icyifuzo cyimiyoboro ntoya ya diameter.Inganda zikoreshwa mubuhinzi zitangiye kubyuka, hamwe na ba nyirubwite benshi bashaka ibimashini bito cyangwa ibyatsi byangiza na zeru.Isoko ryimodoka ryongeye gusubukurwa, nubwo ryihuta cyane kubera kubura chip nibindi bintu.
Umuceri.1. Ibipimo bya SAE-J525 na ASTM-A519 byashyizweho nkabasimbura bisanzwe kuri SAE-J524 na ASTM-A513T5.Itandukaniro nyamukuru nuko SAE-J525 na ASTM-A513T5 basudwa aho kuba ntakabuza.Kugura ingorane nkigihe cyamezi atandatu yo kuyobora byatanze amahirwe kubindi bicuruzwa bibiri byigituba, SAE-J356 (itangwa nkumuyoboro ugororotse) na SAE-J356A (itangwa nkigiceri), byujuje ibyifuzo byinshi nkibindi.ibicuruzwa.
Isoko ryarahindutse, ariko ubuyobozi bukomeza kuba bumwe.Ntakintu cyingenzi nko kwibanda ku bicuruzwa no kugurisha imiyoboro ukurikije isoko.
Ikibazo-cyo-kugura ikibazo kivuka mugihe ibikorwa byo gukora bihura nigiciro kinini cyumurimo kandi byagenwe cyangwa bigabanije umutungo wimbere.
Umusaruro ako kanya nyuma yo gusudira ibicuruzwa biva mu miyoboro bisaba ibikoresho byingenzi.Ukurikije ingano n’umusaruro w’uruganda rukora ibyuma, rimwe na rimwe ni ubukungu guca imirongo migari imbere.Nyamara, urudodo rwimbere rushobora kuba umutwaro urebye ibisabwa byakazi, ibisabwa shoramari kubikoresho, nigiciro cyo kubara umurongo mugari.
Ku ruhande rumwe, guca toni 2000 ku kwezi no guhunika toni 5000 z'ibyuma bisaba amafaranga menshi.Kurundi ruhande, kugura ibyuma-by-ubugari ibyuma mugihe gikwiye bisaba amafaranga make.Mubyukuri, ukurikije ko uruganda rukora imiyoboro rushobora kumvikana ninguzanyo zinguzanyo, arashobora rwose gusubika amafaranga.Buri ruganda rukora imiyoboro rwihariye muri urwo rwego, ariko ntawabura kuvuga ko hafi ya buri ruganda rukora imiyoboro rwibasiwe n’icyorezo cya COVID-19 mu bijyanye n’abakozi bafite ubumenyi buhagije, ibiciro by’ibyuma ndetse n’amafaranga agenda.
Kimwe nacyo kijyanye no gukora imiyoboro ubwayo, bitewe nibihe.Ibigo bifite urunigi rwagaciro rushobora guhitamo ubucuruzi bugenzurwa.Aho gukora igituba, hanyuma ukunama, gutwikira, no gukora ipfundo ninteko, gura tubing hanyuma wibande kubindi bikorwa.
Ibigo byinshi bikora hydraulic ibice cyangwa ibinyabiziga bitwara ibinyabiziga bifite imiyoboro yabyo.Bimwe muri ibyo bimera ubu ni inshingano aho kuba umutungo.Abaguzi mugihe cyicyorezo bakunda gutwara bike kandi ibipimo byo kugurisha imodoka biri kure yurwego rwicyorezo.Isoko ryimodoka rifitanye isano namagambo mabi nko guhagarika, ihungabana ryimbitse nubuke.Kubatwara ibinyabiziga nababitanga, ntampamvu yo gutegereza ko ibintu bitangwa bizahinduka neza mugihe cya vuba.Ikigaragara ni uko umubare w’imodoka ziyongera muri iri soko zifite ibyuma bike byo gutwara ibyuma.
Gufata insyo zikoreshwa muburyo bwo gutumiza.Iyi ni akarusho ukurikije intego bagamije - gukora imiyoboro ya progaramu yihariye - ariko ibibi mubijyanye nubukungu bwikigereranyo.Kurugero, tekereza urusyo rugenewe gukora 10 mm ya OD kubicuruzwa bizwi.Porogaramu yemeza igenamiterere rishingiye ku majwi.Nyuma, uburyo buto cyane bwongewe kubindi bikoresho bifite diameter imwe yo hanze.Igihe cyararenze, gahunda yumwimerere yararangiye, kandi isosiyete ntiyari ifite amajwi ahagije yo kwemeza gahunda ya kabiri.Kwishyiriraho nibindi biciro ni byinshi cyane kugirango ubyemeze.Muri iki kibazo, niba isosiyete ishobora kubona isoko itanga ubushobozi, igomba kugerageza gutanga umushinga.
Birumvikana ko kubara bidahagarara aho bigarukira.Kurangiza intambwe nko gutwikira, gukata kuburebure, no gupakira byongera cyane kubiciro.Bikunze kuvugwa ko ikiguzi kinini cyihishe mubikorwa bya tube ari ugukora.Kwimura imiyoboro iva mu ruganda ruzunguruka ikajya mu bubiko aho bakuwe mu bubiko hanyuma bakayishyira ku gihagararo cyiza hanyuma noneho imiyoboro igashyirwa mu byiciro kugira ngo igaburire imiyoboro ikata icyarimwe - ibi byose Intambwe zose bisaba akazi Iki giciro cyakazi ntigishobora kwitabwaho numucungamari, ariko irigaragaza muburyo bwabakozi ba forklift cyangwa abakozi bongerewe ishami rishinzwe gutanga.
Umuceri.2. Ibigize imiti ya SAE-J525 na SAE-J356A birasa, bifasha aba nyuma gusimbuza ibyambere.
Imiyoboro ya Hydraulic imaze imyaka ibihumbi.Haraheze imyaka irenga 4000, Abanyamisiri bahimbye insinga z'umuringa.Imiyoboro y'imigano yakoreshejwe mu Bushinwa ku ngoma ya Xia ahagana mu 2000 mbere ya Yesu.Nyuma yaho sisitemu y'amazi y'Abaroma yubatswe hakoreshejwe imiyoboro ya sisitemu, ibikomoka ku buryo bwo gushonga ifeza.
nta nkomyi.Imiyoboro ya kijyambere idafite icyuma yagaragaye bwa mbere muri Amerika ya Ruguru mu 1890. Kuva mu 1890 kugeza ubu, ibikoresho fatizo muri iki gikorwa ni fagitire ikomeye.Udushya mu guhora twishyuza fagitire mu myaka ya za 1950 byatumye hahindurwa imiyoboro itagira ingano iva mu byuma byinjira mu bikoresho bihendutse by'icyuma bihendutse - byishyurwa.Imiyoboro ya Hydraulic, yaba iyambere niyubu, ikozwe mubusa, bikonje bikonje.Yashyizwe ku isoko ry’Amerika y'Amajyaruguru nka SAE-J524 na Sosiyete y'Abashinzwe Imodoka na ASTM-A519 na Sosiyete y'Abanyamerika ishinzwe ibizamini n'ibikoresho.
Umusaruro wamazi ya hydraulic adafite uburinganire mubisanzwe ni umurimo usaba akazi cyane cyane kumiyoboro mito ya diameter.Irasaba imbaraga nyinshi kandi isaba umwanya munini.
gusudira.Mu myaka ya za 70 isoko ryarahindutse.Nyuma yo kwiganza ku isoko ry'imiyoboro y'icyuma imyaka igera ku 100, isoko ry'imiyoboro idafite icyerekezo ryaragabanutse.Ryari ryuzuyemo imiyoboro isudira, yerekanaga ko ikwiriye gukoreshwa mu buryo bwa mashini nyinshi mu bwubatsi no ku masoko y’imodoka.Ndetse ifata ifasi yahoze i Maka - isi ya peteroli na gaze.
Udushya tubiri twagize uruhare muri iri hinduka ku isoko.Imwe murimwe ikubiyemo guhora utera ibisate, byemerera insyo zibyuma gukora neza-kubyara umusaruro mwiza wo hejuru.Ikindi kintu gituma HF irwanya gusudira inzira ifatika yinganda.Igisubizo nigicuruzwa gishya: umuyoboro usudira ufite ibintu bisa nkutagira ikidodo, ariko ku giciro gito ugereranije nibicuruzwa bisa.Uyu muyoboro uracyakorwa muri iki gihe kandi ushyirwa mu rwego rwa SAE-J525 cyangwa ASTM-A513-T5 ku isoko ryo muri Amerika y'Amajyaruguru.Kubera ko umuyoboro ushushanyije kandi ugashyirwa hamwe, nigicuruzwa cyibanda cyane.Izi nzira ntabwo ari umurimo nigishoro kinini nkibikorwa bidafite gahunda, ariko ibiciro bijyana nabyo biracyari hejuru.
Kuva mu myaka ya za 90 kugeza ubu, imiyoboro myinshi ya hydraulic ikoreshwa ku isoko ryimbere mu gihugu, yaba yashushanyije (SAE-J524) cyangwa yashushanyije (SAE-J525), itumizwa mu mahanga.Ibi birashoboka ko ari ibisubizo bitandukanye mubiciro byakazi n’ibikoresho fatizo by’ibyuma hagati y’Amerika n’ibihugu byohereza mu mahanga.Mu myaka 30-40 ishize, ibyo bicuruzwa byabonetse kubakora mu gihugu, ariko ntibigeze babasha kwigaragaza nkumukinnyi wiganje muri iri soko.Igiciro cyiza cyibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga ni inzitizi ikomeye.
isoko ryubu.Ikoreshwa ryibicuruzwa bidafite kashe, bishushanyije kandi bifatanye J524 byagabanutse buhoro buhoro uko imyaka yagiye ihita.Iracyaboneka kandi ifite umwanya mumasoko ya hydraulic, ariko OEM ikunda guhitamo J525 niba isudira, yashushanijwe kandi ihujwe na J525 iraboneka byoroshye.
Icyorezo cyibasiye isoko ryongera guhinduka.Isoko ry’imirimo, ibyuma n’ibikoresho byo ku isi rigabanuka ku kigero kimwe n’igabanuka ry’ibikenerwa n’imodoka twavuze haruguru.Ni nako bigenda no gutanga imiyoboro ya peteroli ya J525 yatumijwe mu mahanga.Urebye iri terambere, isoko ryimbere mu gihugu risa nkaho ryiteguye guhindura irindi soko.Yiteguye kubyara ikindi gicuruzwa kidakoreshwa cyane kuruta gusudira, gushushanya no guhuza imiyoboro?Imwe irahari, nubwo idakunze gukoreshwa.Iyi ni SAE-J356A, yujuje ibisabwa na sisitemu nyinshi ya hydraulic (reba ishusho 1).
Ibisobanuro byatangajwe na SAE bikunda kuba bigufi kandi byoroshye, kuko buri cyerekezo gisobanura inzira imwe yo gukora tubing.Ikibi ni uko J525 na J356A bisa neza cyane mubijyanye nubunini, imiterere yubukanishi, nandi makuru, bityo ibisobanuro birashobora kuba urujijo.Byongeye kandi, J356A ibicuruzwa bizunguruka kumirongo mito ya hydraulic ya diametre ni variant ya J356, kandi umuyoboro ugororotse ukoreshwa cyane cyane mugukora imiyoboro minini ya diameter hydraulic.
Igicapo 3. Nubwo imiyoboro isudira kandi ikonje ikonje ifatwa nabenshi ko iruta imiyoboro isudira kandi ikonje, imiterere yubukorikori bwibicuruzwa byombi iragereranywa.ICYITONDERWA.Indangagaciro zingirakamaro kuri PSI zoroheje zahinduwe zivuye mubisobanuro bifite agaciro keza kuri MPa.
Ba injeniyeri bamwe batekereza ko J525 ari nziza cyane kubikorwa bya hydraulic byumuvuduko mwinshi nkibikoresho biremereye.J356A ntabwo izwi cyane ariko ikoreshwa no kumuvuduko ukabije wamazi.Rimwe na rimwe, ibisabwa byo kurangiza biratandukanye: J525 ntabwo ifite isaro y'irangamuntu, mugihe J356A irigaragaza kandi ifite isaro rito.
Ibikoresho bibisi bifite ibintu bisa (reba Ishusho 2).Itandukaniro rito mubigize imiti bifitanye isano nubukanishi bwifuzwa.Kugirango ugere kubintu bimwe na bimwe byubukanishi nkimbaraga zingutu cyangwa imbaraga zidasanzwe (UTS), imiterere yimiti cyangwa kuvura ibyuma bigarukira kugirango tubone ibisubizo byihariye.
Ubu bwoko bwimiyoboro isangiye ibintu bisa nkibintu rusange byubukanishi, bigatuma bihinduranya mubikorwa byinshi (reba Ishusho 3).Muyandi magambo, niba umwe yabuze, undi arashobora kuba ahagije.Ntamuntu ukeneye kuvugurura ibiziga, inganda zimaze kugira uruziga rukomeye, rwuzuye.
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Igice cya 2 cyibice bibiri byuruhererekane hamwe na Ray Ripple, umuhanzi wicyuma cya Texan akaba numudozi, arakomeza…
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-05-2023