Igikorwa cyo guhindura icyatsi kiracyagoye.Inganda zibyuma zigomba kumenya ibibazo bitatu
Zhang Dawei yavuze ko mu gihe tugera ku bikorwa, tugomba no kumenya neza ibibazo bitatu duhura nabyo.
Icya mbere, ibisubizo byo kugenzura ntibiramenyekana neza, kandi ikibazo cyo guhumanya ikirere kiracyari gikomeye.Nubwo igihugu cya PM2.5 cyibanze cyaragabanutse kugera kuri microgramo 29 kuri metero kibe mu 2022, kiracyari inshuro ebyiri cyangwa enye urwego ruriho mu bihugu by’Uburayi n’Amerika, ndetse ninshuro esheshatu agaciro k’ubuyobozi bwa OMS.Ati: “Mu gihugu cyacu, kimwe cya gatatu cy'imijyi itaragera ku gipimo, ahanini cyibanda cyane mu turere two hagati no mu burasirazuba butuwe cyane, kandi imijyi myinshi ifite ingufu z'ibyuma n'ibyuma bitaragera ku rwego.”Zhang yagize ati: "Ubwiza bw’ikirere buracyari kure cyane y’intego yo kubaka Ubushinwa bwiza ndetse n’ibisabwa bigezweho bigamije kubana neza hagati y’umuntu na kamere".Ubwiza bw’ikirere burashobora kongera kwiyongera mu gihe habaye ikosa rito. ”
Icya kabiri, ibibazo byimiterere biragaragara, kandi guhindura icyatsi nicyuma bikomeza kuba umurimo muremure kandi utoroshye.Zhang Dawei yagaragaje ko imyuka yose yangiza imyuka ya dioxyde de sulfure, azote ya azote hamwe n’ibintu biva mu nganda z’ibyuma bikiri ku mwanya wa mbere mu nganda z’inganda, naho imyuka ya gaze karuboni (15 ku ijana) nayo iza ku mwanya wa mbere mu masosiyete adafite ingufu.Niba ubwikorezi bwongeyeho, ibyuka bihumanya birenze.Ati: “Intandaro ni uko ibibazo by'imiterere y'inganda ubwabyo bitigeze bitezwa imbere.”Yagaragaje ko, niba imiterere y’ibikorwa yiganjemo inzira ndende, umusaruro w’ibyuma by’itanura ry’amashanyarazi bingana na 10% gusa by’umusaruro rusange w’ibyuma bitavanze, ibyo bikaba ari intera nini ku kigereranyo cya 28%, 68% muri Amerika, 40% mu Muryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi na 24% mu Buyapani.Imiterere yishyurwa ahanini ni sinter hamwe n’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kandi igipimo cya pelleti mu itanura ntikiri munsi ya 20%, kikaba ari ikinyuranyo kinini n’ibihugu by’Uburayi n’Amerika.Imiterere yingufu yiganjemo amakara.Amakara angana na 92% yingufu zaguzwe ninganda zicyuma nicyuma.Inganda zikoreshwa mu nganda zingana na 20% by’amakara yose akoreshwa mu gihugu (harimo na kokiya), iza ku mwanya wa mbere mu nganda zidafite amashanyarazi.N'ibindi.
Byongeye kandi, inganda zifite ububiko budahagije bwikoranabuhanga ryingenzi ryo kugabanya umwanda na karubone.Ati: "Birihutirwa guca inzitizi za tekiniki na politiki hagati y’inganda z’ibyuma n’imiti, gushimangira imbaraga zo guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga mu nganda, no kwihutisha ubushakashatsi n’ubuhanga bw’ibanze mu gukoresha ikoranabuhanga ryangiza kandi rishingiye ku buhanga buke bwa karubone."Zhang Dawei yerekanye ko muri iki gihe “karuboni ebyiri”, inganda z'icyuma icyatsi kibisi gito cyo guhindura ibintu kiragoye.
Icya gatatu, iterambere mubyuka bihumanya ikirere bihuye nibyateganijwe, ariko ibibazo bimwe ntibigomba kwirengagizwa.Ubwa mbere, iterambere mu turere tumwe na tumwe inyuma.Amasosiyete yashyizwe ku rutonde yibanze cyane mu karere ka Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei no mu turere tuyikikije ndetse no mu kibaya cya Fen-Wei, mu gihe akarere ka Delta ka Yangtze gafite iterambere gahoro gahoro.Kugeza ubu, ibigo 5 gusa mu bice bitari ngombwa byarangije guhindura inzira zose no kubitangaza.Ibigo byinshi mu ntara zimwe biri mubyiciro byambere byo guhinduka.Icya kabiri, ubwiza bwibigo bimwe ntabwo buri hejuru.Ibigo bimwe bifite ibibazo bimwe na bimwe, nko guhitamo inzira zidafite ishingiro, guhinduka kutuzuye, gushimangira imiyoborere yanyuma kubirinda no kugenzura isoko.Icya gatatu, ireme ry'isuzuma no gukurikirana imirimo rigomba kunozwa.Ati: “Ibigo bimwe ntabwo bihari kugira ngo bivugurure, kugira ngo bimenyekanishe, ku isuzuma no kugenzura 'ibitekerezo bigoramye', umurimo ntukomeye kandi ntukomeye, ndetse no kubeshya.”Zhang Dawei yagaragaje ko mu rwego rwo kuzamura ireme ry’imirimo yo gusuzuma no kugenzura, Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije n’ishyirahamwe ry’ibyuma bagiranye ibiganiro byinshi mu 2022, bituma ishyirahamwe rishyira mu bikorwa inyandikorugero ya raporo kandi rikubahiriza byimazeyo, ariko ikibazo kiracyariho ibaho mu buryo butandukanye. ”“Yerekanye.Icya kane, ibigo byihariye biruhura imiyoborere nyuma yo kumenyekanisha, ndetse nimyitwarire itemewe.
Kurinda urwego rwo hejuru kurengera ibidukikije, inganda zibyuma ninganda gukora "bine kurushaho"
Zhang Dawei yavuze ko icyifuzo rusange cya Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije muri uyu mwaka ari ugukurikiza “ingamba eshatu zo kurwanya umwanda” n '“ingamba eshanu zifatika”, kurwanya byimazeyo “imwe-imwe-imwe”, barwanya ishyirwaho. Bya inzego nyinshi.Mu gihe cyo kugenzura ikirere, minisiteri izahuza imikorere myiza y’inganda n’ingwate y’umutungo, kandi iteze imbere iterambere ryiza ry’inganda z’ibyuma hamwe n’uburinzi buhanitse.
Ati: “Hasabwe ko inganda z’ibyuma n’inganda bigomba guhangana n '“ umubano w’ubutatu ”, ni ukuvuga guhangana n’umubano uri hagati y’ibitera indwara n’intandaro, igihe kirekire n’igihe gito, iterambere no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kandi bigakora bine.' kurushaho kwitabwaho '. ”Zhang Dawei yatanze igitekerezo.
Icya mbere, tuzitondera cyane ingamba zo kugabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere.Ati: “Dukurikije intego ya 'karuboni ebyiri', dukwiye kurushaho kwita ku miterere, inkomoko n’izindi ngamba.Isoko rya karubone hamwe n’amahoro ya karubone nabyo bizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku iterambere ry’inganda, kandi tugomba gutekereza kure. ”Zhang yasabye ko inganda z’ibyuma zigomba kwibanda ku kongera igipimo cy’umusaruro w’ibyuma bigufi mu itanura ry’amashanyarazi;Ongera igipimo cya pellet zikoreshwa mu itanura riturika no kugabanya ikoreshwa rya sinter;Tuzamura ingufu zingufu, twongere umubare wamashanyarazi yicyatsi akoreshwa, kandi dusimbure ingufu zisukuye mumatara yinganda zikoreshwa namakara.Ibigo bikuru n’ibigo bya Leta bigomba kugira uruhare runini kandi bigafata iyambere mu kwerekana no gushyira mu bikorwa udushya tw’ikoranabuhanga mu kugabanya umwanda na karubone.
Icya kabiri, tuzitondera cyane ubwiza bwimyuka ihumanya ikirere.Uyu mushinga w'ingenzi ntuzahatira gusa inganda guhuza no kuvugurura, kuzamura ibikoresho, no guteza imbere iterambere rusange ry’icyatsi na karuboni nkeya mu nganda z’ibyuma, ariko kandi izakoresha ishoramari ry’imibereho myiza kandi rifashe kuzamura ubukungu.Yakomeje agira ati: “Twashimangiye inshuro nyinshi mu bihe bitandukanye ko guhindura imyuka ihumanya ikirere bigomba guharanira 'bine by'ukuri', kugira ngo 'bine bigomba kandi bine ntibikora', kandi bigomba guhangana n'ikigeragezo cy'amateka.”Zhang Dawei ati.
Icya gatatu, tuzitondera cyane kugera kubintu bisabwa cyane-ku buryo burambye kandi buhamye.Ati: “Ibigo byarangije guhindura imyuka ihumanya ikirere no kumenyekanisha amakuru bigomba kurushaho gushimangira imikorere y’inzego zishinzwe kubungabunga ibidukikije, kuzamura urwego rw’ubuhanga rw’abakozi bashinzwe imicungire y’ibidukikije, kandi bigatanga uruhare runini mu gushyigikira gahunda yo kugenzura ubwikorezi bwateguwe, butunganijwe kandi busukuye. ku micungire y’ibidukikije yashyizweho mu buryo bwo guhindura imyuka ihumanya ikirere, kugira ngo igere ku myuka ihumanya ikirere.Ntibyoroshye kubikora. ”Zhang Dawei yashimangiye ko muri iki gihe imyuka ihumanya ikirere ikabije yashyizeho uburyo bwo kugenzura amashyaka menshi arimo guverinoma, inganda n’abaturage.
Yavuze ko mu ntambwe ikurikiraho, Minisiteri y’ibidukikije n’ibidukikije izayobora inzego z’ibanze gukoresha byimazeyo politiki zinyuranye, kongera inkunga ya politiki ku mishinga ihamye y’ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, kandi isaba ishyirahamwe ry’ibyuma gukuraho itangazo rusange ry’imishinga ko ntishobora kugera kuri ultra-low imyuka ihumanya kandi ifite imyitwarire itemewe.Ku rundi ruhande, tuzakomeza ingufu mu kugenzura kubahiriza amategeko no kugenzura byimazeyo ibigo bitarangije guhindura imyuka ihumanya ikirere.
Icya kane, witondere cyane kugabanya umwanda na karubone mu guhuza ubwikorezi.Inganda zicyuma nicyuma ninganda zingenzi mukurwanya amakamyo ya mazutu, kandi imyuka iva mu bwikorezi igera kuri 20% y’ibyuka byose by’uruganda rwose.Ati: “Intambwe ikurikiraho, ibigo bigomba kurushaho kwita ku buryo bunoze bwo gutwara abantu imbere no hanze y’uruganda, kunoza igipimo cy’ubwikorezi busukuye bw’ibicuruzwa n’ibicuruzwa hanze y’uruganda, ubwikorezi buciriritse n’urugendo rwa gari ya moshi cyangwa inzira y’amazi, ubwikorezi buciriritse na bugufi na imiyoboro yububiko cyangwa ibinyabiziga bishya byingufu;Iyubakwa rya sisitemu yo gutwara imikandara, inzira na roller bizashyirwa mu bikorwa mu ruganda hagamijwe kugabanya ubwikorezi bw’imodoka mu ruganda no guhagarika ihererekanyabubasha ry’ibikoresho mu ruganda. ”Zhang Dawei yavuze ko byamenyekanye, ku buryo butandatu bwo gutwara imodoka mu bucuruzi, yanadusabye ko twakomeza kunoza imiterere y’ubwikorezi, kuzamura igipimo cy’ubwikorezi busukuye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gashyantare-15-2023