Dukora ubushakashatsi ku isoko ryigenga ku bicuruzwa byinshi ku isi kandi tuzwiho kuba inyangamugayo, kwiringirwa, kwigenga no kwizerwa ku bakiriya mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ubutare n'ifumbire.
Ubujyanama bwa CRU butanga inama zifatika kandi zifatika kugirango ibyo abakiriya bacu bakeneye hamwe nabafatanyabikorwa babo bakeneye.Umuyoboro mugari, gusobanukirwa byimazeyo isoko ryibicuruzwa na disipuline yisesengura bidufasha gufasha abakiriya bacu mugikorwa cyo gufata ibyemezo.
Itsinda ryacu ritanga inama rishishikajwe no gukemura ibibazo no kubaka umubano muremure nabakiriya bacu.Shakisha byinshi kubyerekeye amakipe akwegereye.
Ongera imikorere, wongere inyungu, ugabanye igihe cyo hasi - hindura urwego rutanga ubifashijwemo nitsinda ryacu ryinzobere.
CRU Ibirori byakira inganda ziyobora inganda n’ikoranabuhanga ku masoko y’ibicuruzwa ku isi.Ubumenyi bwacu bwinganda dukorera, bufatanije numubano wizewe nisoko, bidufasha gutanga gahunda zingirakamaro zishingiye ku ngingo zatanzwe n'abayobozi batekereza mu nganda zacu.
Kubibazo bikomeye biramba, turaguha icyerekezo cyagutse.Icyubahiro cyacu nkurwego rwigenga kandi rutabogamye bivuze ko ushobora gushingira kuburambe, amakuru n'ibitekerezo bya politiki yikirere.Abafatanyabikorwa bose mu gutanga ibicuruzwa bigira uruhare runini mu nzira yoherezwa mu kirere.Turashobora kugufasha kugera ku ntego zawe zirambye, uhereye ku isesengura rya politiki no kugabanya ibyuka bihumanya ikirere kugeza impinduka z’ingufu zisukuye hamwe n’ubukungu buzenguruka.
Guhindura politiki y’ikirere n’inzego zigenga amategeko bisaba inkunga ikomeye yo gusesengura ibyemezo.Kubaho kwisi yose hamwe nubunararibonye bwaho byemeza ko dutanga ijwi rikomeye kandi ryizewe, aho uri hose.Ubushishozi, inama hamwe namakuru yujuje ubuziranenge bizagufasha gufata ibyemezo byubucuruzi bikwiye kugirango ugere ku ntego zawe zirambye.
Impinduka ku masoko y’imari, inganda n’ikoranabuhanga bizagira uruhare mu byuka byangiza ikirere, ariko kandi bigira ingaruka kuri politiki ya leta.Kuva kugufasha kumva uburyo izi politiki zikugiraho ingaruka, kugeza guhanura ibiciro bya karubone, kugereranya ibicuruzwa biva mu kirere ku bushake, kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, no gukurikirana ikoranabuhanga rigabanya karubone, CRU Sustainability iguha ishusho nini.
Inzibacyuho yingufu zisukuye ishyira ibintu bishya mubikorwa byikigo.Dushingiye ku makuru yacu menshi n'uburambe mu nganda, CRU Sustainability itanga isesengura rirambuye ry'ejo hazaza h’ingufu zishobora kubaho, kuva umuyaga n'izuba kugeza hydrogène y'icyatsi no kubika.Turashobora kandi gusubiza ibibazo byawe bijyanye nibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi, ibyuma bya batiri, ibikoresho fatizo bikenewe hamwe nuburyo ibiciro.
Ibidukikije, imibereho myiza n’imiyoborere (ESG) birahinduka vuba.Gukoresha ibikoresho no gutunganya ibintu biragenda biba ngombwa.Imiyoboro yacu hamwe nubushobozi bwibanze bwubushakashatsi, bufatanije nubumenyi bwimbitse bwisoko, bizagufasha kuyobora amasoko yisumbuye yisumbuye kandi wumve ingaruka ziterambere rirambye ryinganda.Kuva kubushakashatsi bwibibazo kugeza gutegura igenamigambi, turagushyigikiye mugukemura ibibazo kandi tugufasha guhuza nubukungu bwizunguruka.
Ikigereranyo cyibiciro bya CRU gishingiye ku gusobanukirwa kwimbitse kwisoko ryibicuruzwa, imikorere yurwego rwose rutanga, hamwe nubushobozi bwagutse bwo gusobanukirwa no gusesengura isoko.Kuva twashingwa mu 1969, twashora imari mubushobozi bwibanze bwubushakashatsi hamwe nuburyo bukomeye kandi buboneye, harimo ibiciro.
Soma ingingo zacu zinzobere ziheruka, wige kubyerekeye akazi kacu uhereye kubushakashatsi bwakozwe, cyangwa umenye ibijyanye na webinari hamwe n'amahugurwa.
Kuva mu 2015, gukumira ubucuruzi ku isi byakomeje kwiyongera.Ni iki cyabimuteye?Ibi bizagira izihe ngaruka ku bucuruzi bw'ibyuma ku isi?Kandi ibi bivuze iki kubucuruzi no kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze?
Ubwiyongere bw'Uburinzi bwo Kurinda Ubucuruzi mu gihugu ingamba zo kurinda ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga gusa biva mu mahanga bihenze, kuzamura ibiciro by'imbere mu gihugu ndetse no kurushaho kurinda ibicuruzwa bikomoka mu gihugu.Twifashishije urugero rwa Amerika n'Ubushinwa, isesengura ryacu ryerekana ko na nyuma yo gushyiraho ingamba z’ubucuruzi, urwego rw’ibitumizwa muri Amerika n’urwego rw’ibyoherezwa mu Bushinwa ntaho bitandukaniye n’ibiteganijwe, urebye uko isoko ry’ibyuma byo mu gihugu rihagaze muri buri gihugu igihugu.
Umwanzuro rusange ni uko "ibyuma bishobora kandi bizabona inzu."Ibihugu bitumiza mu mahanga bizakomeza gukenera ibyuma bitumizwa mu mahanga kugira ngo bihuze n’ibikenewe mu gihugu, hashingiwe ku guhatanira ibiciro by’ibanze kandi rimwe na rimwe, ubushobozi bwo gutanga amanota amwe, nta na kimwe muri byo kibangamirwa n’ingamba z’ubucuruzi.
Isesengura ryacu ryerekana ko mu myaka 5 iri imbere, uko isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu ry’Ubushinwa rigenda ryiyongera, ubucuruzi bw’ibyuma bugomba kugabanuka kuva ku gipimo cyayo mu 2016, bitewe ahanini n’ibyoherezwa mu Bushinwa byoherezwa mu mahanga, ariko bigomba kuguma hejuru y’urwego rwa 2013.Nk’uko imibare ya CRU ibigaragaza, mu myaka 2 ishize imanza zirenga 100 zatanzwe;mu gihe ibicuruzwa byose byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga byari intego nyamukuru, umubare munini w’imanza z’ubucuruzi zashinjwaga Ubushinwa.
Ibi byerekana ko umwanya wonyine w’ibicuruzwa bikomeye byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga byongera amahirwe yo kurega mu gihugu, hatitawe ku mpamvu zishingiye kuri uru rubanza.
Birashobora kugaragara kumeza ko imanza nyinshi zubucuruzi ari iz'ibicuruzwa bishyushye bikoreshwa mu bucuruzi nka rebar na coil-hot-coil, mu gihe imanza nke ari iz'ibicuruzwa byongerewe agaciro cyane nk'ibiceri bikonje bikonje hamwe n'impapuro.Nubwo imibare yisahani hamwe nu muyoboro udafite icyerekezo bigaragara muri urwo rwego, birerekana imiterere yihariye yubushobozi buke muri izi nganda.Ariko ni izihe ngaruka z'izo ngamba zavuzwe haruguru?Ni gute bigira ingaruka ku bucuruzi?
Niki gitera gukura kwikingira?Kimwe mu bintu by'ingenzi bitera gushimangira kurengera ubucuruzi mu myaka ibiri ishize ni ukongera ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Bushinwa kuva mu 2013. Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira, guhera ubu, ubwiyongere bw’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu mahanga ku isi biterwa ahanini n’Ubushinwa, kandi umugabane w’ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Bushinwa mu bicuruzwa byose by’imbere mu gihugu byazamutse kugera ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Ku ikubitiro, cyane cyane muri 2014, ubwiyongere bw'ibyoherezwa mu Bushinwa ntabwo bwateje ibibazo ku isi: Isoko ry'ibyuma muri Amerika ryari rikomeye kandi igihugu cyishimiye kwakira ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga, mu gihe amasoko y'ibyuma mu bindi bihugu yitwaye neza.Ibintu byahindutse mu 2015. Icyifuzo cy’icyuma ku isi cyagabanutseho hejuru ya 2%, cyane cyane mu gice cya kabiri cy’umwaka wa 2015, icyifuzo ku isoko ry’ibyuma mu Bushinwa cyaragabanutse cyane, kandi inyungu z’inganda z’ibyuma zaragabanutse kugera ku rwego rwo hasi cyane.Isesengura ryibiciro bya CRU ryerekana ko igiciro cyohereza hanze yicyuma cyegereye ibiciro bihinduka (reba imbonerahamwe kurupapuro rukurikira).
Ibi ubwabyo ntabwo bidafite ishingiro, kubera ko amasosiyete y’ibyuma yo mu Bushinwa ashakisha uko ikirere cyifashe nabi, kandi ukurikije igisobanuro gikaze cy’igihembwe cya 1, ntabwo byanze bikunze "guta" ibyuma ku isoko ry’isi, kuko ibiciro by’imbere mu gihugu nabyo byari bike muri kiriya gihe.Nyamara, ibyoherezwa mu mahanga byangiza inganda z’ibyuma ahandi ku isi, kubera ko ibindi bihugu bidashobora kwemera umubare w’ibikoresho biboneka bitewe n’isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu.
Mu gice cya kabiri cy'umwaka wa 2015, Ubushinwa bwafunze ingufu za 60Mt bitewe n’ibihe bibi, ariko umuvuduko wo kugabanuka, ingano y’Ubushinwa nk’igihugu gikomeye mu gukora ibyuma, ndetse n’urugamba rw’imbere mu isoko hagati y’itanura ry’imbere mu gihugu hamwe n’inganda nini zahujwe n’ibyuma byahinduye igitutu gufunga ibikoresho byo hanze.Kubera iyo mpamvu, umubare w’imanza z’ubucuruzi watangiye kwiyongera, cyane cyane ku Bushinwa.
Ingaruka z’ubucuruzi ku bucuruzi bwibyuma hagati y’Amerika n'Ubushinwa birashoboka ko byakwira mu bindi bihugu.Imbonerahamwe ibumoso yerekana ibicuruzwa byatumijwe muri Amerika kuva mu mwaka wa 2011 n’inyungu ziva mu nganda z’icyuma mu gihugu zishingiye ku bumenyi bwa CRU ku biciro no kugenda kw'ibiciro.
Mbere ya byose, twakagombye kumenya ko, nkuko bigaragara mu gutatanya iburyo, hari umubano ukomeye hagati y’urwego rutumizwa mu mahanga n’imbaraga z’isoko ry’imbere muri Amerika, nk'uko bigaragazwa n’inyungu z’inganda z’ibyuma.Ibi bishimangirwa nisesengura rya CRU ryerekeranye n’ubucuruzi bw’ibyuma, byerekana ko ubucuruzi bw’ibyuma hagati y’ibihugu byombi buterwa nimpamvu eshatu zingenzi.Ibi birimo:
Ikintu icyo aricyo cyose gishobora guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwibyuma hagati yibihugu igihe icyo aricyo cyose, kandi mubikorwa ibintu bishobora guhinduka cyane.
Turabona ko guhera mu mpera z'umwaka wa 2013 kugeza mu mwaka wa 2014 wose, igihe isoko ryo muri Amerika ryatangiraga kurenza andi masoko, ryashishikarije ibicuruzwa biva mu gihugu imbere kandi ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byazamutse ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane.Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byatangiye kugabanuka kubera ko urwego rw’Amerika, kimwe n’ibindi bihugu byinshi, rwarushijeho kwiyongera mu gice cya kabiri cy’umwaka wa 2015. Inyungu z’inganda z’ibyuma zo muri Amerika zakomeje kuba intege nke kugeza mu ntangiriro za 2016, kandi amasezerano y’ubucuruzi muri iki gihe yatewe na a igihe cyigihe cyinyungu nke.Ibi bikorwa bimaze gutangira kugira ingaruka ku bucuruzi bw’ubucuruzi kuko nyuma hashyizweho amahoro ku bicuruzwa biva mu bihugu bimwe na bimwe.Icyakora, birakwiye ko tumenya ko nubwo muri iki gihe ibicuruzwa bitumizwa muri Amerika bigoye cyane ku bicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bitumiza mu mahanga, birimo Ubushinwa, Koreya yepfo, Ubuyapani, Tayiwani, na Turukiya, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga ntabwo biri munsi y’uko byari byitezwe.Urwego rwari hagati yibyateganijwe.urwego, ukurikije imbaraga zigezweho kumasoko yimbere mugihugu mbere yiterambere rya 2014.Ikigaragara ni uko ukurikije ingufu z’isoko ry’imbere mu Bushinwa, ibicuruzwa byoherezwa mu Bushinwa muri iki gihe nabyo biri mu rwego ruteganijwe (inoti iterekanwa), byerekana ko ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry’ubucuruzi ritagize ingaruka zikomeye ku bushobozi cyangwa ubushake bwo kohereza mu mahanga.None ibi bivuze iki?
Ibi birerekana ko, nubwo ibiciro bitandukanye ndetse n’ibibujijwe gutumizwa mu mahanga biva mu Bushinwa no mu bindi bihugu muri Amerika, ibyo ntibyagabanije urwego rusange rw’ibiteganijwe gutumizwa mu mahanga, ndetse n’urwego ruteganijwe koherezwa mu Bushinwa.Ni ukubera ko, nk'urugero, urwego rwo gutumiza muri Amerika hamwe n’Ubushinwa byohereza ibicuruzwa mu mahanga bifitanye isano n’ibintu by’ibanze byasobanuwe haruguru kandi ntibishobora gukumirwa mu bucuruzi uretse ibihano bitumizwa mu mahanga cyangwa ibihano bikomeye.
Muri Werurwe 2002, guverinoma y'Amerika yashyizeho ibiciro by'icyiciro cya 201 kandi icyarimwe izamura imisoro ku bicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga mu bihugu byinshi ku rwego rwo hejuru cyane, ibyo bikaba byitwa ko ari ukubuza ubucuruzi gukomeye.Ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byagabanutseho hafi 30% hagati ya 2001 na 2003, ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, dushobora kuvuga ko kugabanuka kwinshi kwari gufitanye isano n’uburyo bugaragara bwifashe nabi ku isoko ry’imbere muri Amerika ryakurikiyeho.Mu gihe ibiciro byari bihari, ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byahindutse nk'uko byari byitezwe ku bihugu bitarimo amahoro (urugero, Kanada, Mexico, Turukiya), ariko ibihugu byibasiwe n’amahoro byakomeje gutanga ibicuruzwa bimwe na bimwe bitumizwa mu mahanga, igiciro cyinshi kikaba cyaratumye ibiciro by’ibyuma byo muri Amerika biri hejuru.zishobora kuvuka ukundi.Amahoro yo mu gice cya 201 yavanyweho nyuma mu 2003 kubera ko babonaga ko batubahirije ibyo Amerika yiyemeje muri WTO, kandi nyuma y’uko Umuryango w’ubumwe bw’ibihugu by’Uburayi ubangamiye kwihorera.Nyuma, ibicuruzwa byatumijwe mu mahanga byariyongereye, ariko bijyanye niterambere rikomeye mubihe byamasoko.
Ibi bivuze iki mubucuruzi rusange?Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, urwego rw’ibicuruzwa bitumizwa muri Amerika ntiruri munsi y’uko byari byitezwe ku bijyanye n’imbere mu gihugu, ariko ibintu mu bihugu bitanga isoko byarahindutse.Biragoye kumenya ibipimo fatizo byo kugereranya, ariko ibicuruzwa byatumijwe muri Amerika mu ntangiriro za 2012 byari hafi nko mu ntangiriro za 2017. Kugereranya ibihugu bitanga ibicuruzwa muri ibi bihe byombi birerekanwa hepfo:
Nubwo bidasobanutse neza, imbonerahamwe yerekana ko inkomoko y’ibicuruzwa byatumijwe muri Amerika byahindutse mu myaka mike ishize.Muri iki gihe hari ibintu byinshi biza ku nkombe z’Amerika bivuye mu Buyapani, Burezili, Turukiya, na Kanada, mu gihe ibintu bike biva mu Bushinwa, Koreya, Vietnam, kandi, birashimishije, Mexico (menya ko amagambo ahinnye yavuye muri Mexico ashobora kuba afite imyumvire imwe ku makimbirane aherutse kuba hagati ya Amerika na Amerika).Mexico) n'icyifuzo cy'ubuyobozi bwa Trump bwo kongera kuganira ku ngingo za NAFTA).
Kuri njye, ibi bivuze ko moteri nyamukuru yubucuruzi - guhatanira ibiciro, imbaraga zamasoko yo murugo, nimbaraga zamasoko yerekeza - bikomeza kuba ingenzi nkibisanzwe.Rero, mugihe runaka cyibintu bifitanye isano nizo mbaraga zitwara, hari urwego rusanzwe rwibitumizwa hanze n’ibyoherezwa mu mahanga, kandi gusa ibicuruzwa bikabije by’ubucuruzi cyangwa ihungabana rikomeye ry’isoko birashobora guhungabanya cyangwa kubihindura ku rugero urwo arirwo rwose.
Kubihugu byohereza ibicuruzwa hanze, ibi bivuze mubikorwa ko "ibyuma bishobora kandi bizahora bibona inzu."Isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru ryerekana ko ku bihugu bitumiza mu mahanga ibyuma nka Leta zunze ubumwe z’Amerika, imipaka y’ubucuruzi ishobora kugira ingaruka nkeya ku rwego rusange rw’ibicuruzwa biva mu mahanga, ariko ukurikije uko abatanga ibicuruzwa babibona, ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bizahinduka “inzira nziza ikurikira”.Mubyukuri, "icya kabiri cyiza" bivuze ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga bihenze, byazamura ibiciro byimbere mu gihugu kandi bigatanga ubundi burinzi ku bakora ibyuma mu gihugu gihenze cyane2, nubwo guhangana n’ibiciro by’ibanze byakomeza kuba bimwe.Ariko, mugihe kirekire, ibi bintu bishobora kugira ingaruka zigaragara.Muri icyo gihe, guhatanira ibiciro birashobora kwangirika kuko ababikora badafite ubushake buke bwo kugabanya ibiciro uko ibiciro bizamuka.Byongeye kandi, izamuka ry’ibiciro by’ibyuma bizaca intege ubushobozi bwo guhangana n’inganda zikora inganda, kandi keretse niba inzitizi z’ubucuruzi zashyizweho mu rwego rw’agaciro k’ibyuma, icyifuzo cy’imbere mu gihugu gishobora kugabanuka kubera ko ibyuma bikoreshwa mu mahanga.
Kureba imbere Noneho ibi bivuze iki mubucuruzi bwisi?Nkuko twabivuze, hari ibintu bitatu byingenzi byubucuruzi bwisi - guhangana n’ibiciro, ingufu z’isoko ry’imbere mu gihugu, n’umwanya ku isoko ryerekeza - bigira uruhare rukomeye mu bucuruzi hagati y’ibihugu.Twumva kandi ko, ukurikije ubunini bwayo, Ubushinwa buri mu mpaka zerekeye ubucuruzi ku isi n’ibiciro by’ibyuma.Ariko twavuga iki kuriyi ngingo yo kugereranya ubucuruzi mumyaka 5 iri imbere?
Ubwa mbere, uruhande rw'ibumoso rw'imbonerahamwe yavuzwe haruguru rwerekana uko CRU ibona ubushobozi bw'Ubushinwa n'imikoreshereze yabyo kugeza mu 2021. Turizera ko Ubushinwa buzagera ku ntego yo guhagarika ubushobozi, bugomba kongera imikoreshereze y’ubushobozi kuva kuri 70-75% kugeza kuri 85% hashingiwe kuri twe ibyuma bisabwa.Mugihe imiterere yisoko igenda itera imbere, isoko ryimbere mu gihugu (ni ukuvuga inyungu) naryo rizatera imbere, kandi uruganda rukora ibyuma rwubushinwa ntiruzashishikarizwa kohereza ibicuruzwa hanze.Isesengura ryacu ryerekana ko ibyoherezwa mu Bushinwa bishobora kugabanuka kugera kuri
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-25-2023