SS 304 Ikidodo na 316 Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga Utanga Tube utanga ubushinwa

Nkuko igitutu cyisoko gihatira abakora imiyoboro nu miyoboro gushakisha uburyo bwo kongera umusaruro mugihe hujuje ubuziranenge bukomeye, guhitamo uburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura hamwe na sisitemu yo gufasha ni ngombwa kuruta mbere hose.Mugihe abakora imiyoboro myinshi nu miyoboro bishingikiriza ku igenzura rya nyuma, akenshi usanga abayikora bapima hakiri kare mubikorwa byo gukora kugirango bamenye inenge cyangwa akazi.Ibi ntibigabanya imyanda gusa, ahubwo binagabanya ibiciro bijyana no guta ibikoresho bifite inenge.Ubu buryo amaherezo buganisha ku nyungu nyinshi.Kubera izo mpamvu, kongera sisitemu idasenya (NDT) muruganda byumvikana mubukungu.

Ibintu byinshi - ubwoko bwibintu, diameter, uburebure bwurukuta, umuvuduko wo gutunganya, hamwe no gusudira imiyoboro cyangwa uburyo bwo gukora - byerekana ikizamini cyiza.Izi ngingo nazo zigira uruhare mu guhitamo ibiranga uburyo bwo kugenzura bwakoreshejwe.
Ikizamini cya Eddy kigezweho (ET) gikoreshwa mubisabwa byinshi.Iki nikigereranyo gidahenze gishobora gukoreshwa mumiyoboro yoroheje y'urukuta, mubisanzwe kugeza kuri 0.250 z'ubugari.Irakwiriye kubikoresho bya magnetiki na non-magnetique.
Sensor cyangwa ibipapuro bipimisha biri mubyiciro bibiri byingenzi: buri mwaka na tangential.Ibiceri bizenguruka bisuzuma igice cyose cyambukiranya umuyoboro, mugihe ibishishwa bifatika bisuzuma gusa aho wasudira.
Gupfunyika ibipfunyika byerekana inenge kumurongo wose winjira, ntabwo ari agace kegereye gusa, kandi mubisanzwe bigira akamaro mugusuzuma ubunini buri munsi ya santimetero 2.Bihanganira kandi kwimurwa kwa zone.Ingaruka nyamukuru ni uko kunyuza ibiryo byanyuze mu ruganda ruzunguruka bisaba intambwe zinyongera no kwitabwaho bidasanzwe mbere yuko inyura mubizamini.Na none, niba igipapuro cyipimisha gifatanye na diameter, gusudira nabi birashobora gutuma umuyoboro ucikamo ibice, bikaviramo kwangirika kwipimisha.
Impinduka zifatika zigenzura igice gito cyumuzenguruko.Mubisobanuro binini bya diametre, ukoresheje ibifuniko bifatika aho kuba ibiceri bigoramye bizatanga ibimenyetso byiza-byerekana urusaku (igipimo cyimbaraga zikimenyetso cyikizamini nikimenyetso gihamye inyuma).Ibikoresho bifatika nabyo ntibisaba insinga kandi byoroshye guhinduranya hanze y'uruganda.Ikibi nuko bagenzura gusa amanota yagurishijwe.Bikwiranye n'imiyoboro minini ya diameter, irashobora kandi gukoreshwa kumiyoboro ntoya niba umwanya wo gusudira ugenzuwe neza.
Ibiceri byubwoko ubwo aribwo bwose birashobora kugeragezwa kuruhuka rimwe na rimwe.Kugenzura neza, bizwi kandi nka zeru kugenzura cyangwa kugenzura itandukaniro, guhora ugereranya gusudira nibice byegeranye byicyuma fatizo kandi ukumva impinduka nto zatewe no guhagarara.Nibyiza byo kumenya inenge ngufi nka pinholes cyangwa kubura gusudira, nuburyo bwambere bukoreshwa mubikorwa byinshi byo gusya.
Ikizamini cya kabiri, uburyo bwuzuye, busanga ibibi byamagambo.Ubu buryo bworoshye bwa ET busaba uyikoresha kuringaniza sisitemu kubintu byiza.Usibye kumenya impinduka zikomeje guhinduka, inagaragaza impinduka mubyimbye byurukuta.
Gukoresha ubu buryo bubiri ET ntibigomba kuba ikibazo cyane.Birashobora gukoreshwa icyarimwe hamwe na coil imwe yikizamini niba igikoresho gifite ibikoresho byo kubikora.
Hanyuma, ahantu nyaburanga hapimwa ni ngombwa.Ibyiza nkubushyuhe bwibidukikije hamwe no gusya urusyo byanduza umuyoboro birashobora kugira ingaruka kumyanya.Gushyira igiceri cyikizamini kuruhande rwicyumba cyo gusudira biha umukoresha amakuru yihuse kubyerekeye gusudira.Nyamara, ibyuma birwanya ubushyuhe cyangwa gukonjesha byongeye birashobora gukenerwa.Gushyira igiceri cyikizamini hafi yimpera yurusyo bituma hamenyekana inenge ziterwa nubunini cyangwa ishusho;icyakora, amahirwe yo gutabaza kubeshya ni menshi kuko sensor iherereye hafi ya sisitemu yo guca aha hantu, aho usanga bishoboka cyane kubona ibinyeganyega iyo ubonye cyangwa ukata.
Kwipimisha Ultrasonic (UT) ikoresha impiswi zingufu zamashanyarazi ikayihindura mumashanyarazi yumvikana cyane.Iyi miyoboro yijwi yanduzwa mubikoresho bigeragezwa hakoreshejwe uburyo nk'amazi cyangwa imashini ikonjesha.Ijwi ni icyerekezo, icyerekezo cya transducer kigena niba sisitemu ishakisha inenge cyangwa gupima ubugari bwurukuta.Igice cya transducers gikora kontour ya zone yo gusudira.Uburyo bwa ultrasonic ntabwo bugarukira kubunini bwurukuta rwumuyoboro.
Kugirango ukoreshe inzira ya UT nkigikoresho cyo gupima, uyikoresha agomba kwerekeza transducer kugirango ibe perpendicular kumuyoboro.Ijwi ryijwi ryinjira mumurambararo winyuma wumuyoboro, gusubira inyuma imbere, hanyuma ugasubira muri transducer.Sisitemu ipima igihe cyo gutambuka - igihe bifata umuyaga wijwi kugirango uve kuri diameter yo hanze ugana diameter imbere - kandi uhindura icyo gihe mubipimo byubugari.Ukurikije imiterere y'urusyo, iyi miterere ituma ibipimo by'uburebure bw'urukuta biba ukuri kuri ± 0.001 muri.
Kugirango umenye inenge yibikoresho, uyikoresha ategura sensor kumurongo uhamye.Ijwi ryijwi ryinjira kuva kumurambararo winyuma, gutembera kumurambararo wimbere, bigaragarira inyuma kumurambararo winyuma, bityo bikagenda kurukuta.Ubusumbane bwa weld butera kwigaragaza kwijwi ryijwi;isubiza inzira imwe kubahindura, iyisubiza mumashanyarazi kandi ikora amashusho yerekana aho inenge iherereye.Ikimenyetso kandi kinyura mumarembo yinenge atera impuruza kugirango abimenyeshe uyikoresha, cyangwa atangire sisitemu yo gusiga irangi aho inenge iherereye.
Sisitemu ya UT irashobora gukoresha transducer imwe (cyangwa ibintu byinshi byahinduwe) cyangwa icyiciro cya transducers.
Gakondo UT ikoresha kimwe cyangwa byinshi bigize sensor sensor.Umubare wubushakashatsi biterwa nuburebure buteganijwe, uburebure bwumurongo nibindi bisabwa.
Icyiciro cya array ultrasonic isesengura ikoresha ibintu byinshi bya transducer munzu imwe.Sisitemu yo kugenzura ikoresha uburyo bwa elegitoronike iyobora amajwi kugirango isikane ahantu wasudutse idahinduye umwanya wa transducer.Sisitemu irashobora gukora ibikorwa nko gutahura inenge, gupima uburebure bwurukuta, no gukurikirana impinduka mugusukura umuriro ahantu hasuditswe.Ubu buryo bwo gupima no gupima burashobora gukorwa icyarimwe.Ni ngombwa kumenya ko icyiciro cyicyiciro gishobora kwihanganira gusudira kuberako umurongo ushobora gutwikira ahantu hanini kuruta imyanya isanzwe ya sensor.
Uburyo bwa gatatu bwo kwangiza butangiza, Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL), bukoreshwa mugupima diameter nini, izengurutswe n'inkuta za rukuruzi.Birakwiriye gukoreshwa mumavuta na gaze.
MFL ikoresha imbaraga za rukuruzi za DC zinyura mu rukuta cyangwa mu rukuta.Imbaraga za rukuruzi zegera kwuzura kwuzuye, cyangwa aho kwiyongera kwingufu zose za magnetisiti ntabwo bivamo kwiyongera gukabije kwinshi kwa magneti.Iyo flux ya magnetique igonganye nubusembwa mubintu, kugoreka kuvamo kwa magnetique bishobora gutuma iguruka cyangwa ikabyimba hejuru.
Umwuka mwinshi urashobora kuboneka ukoresheje insinga yoroshye hamwe numurima wa magneti.Kimwe nubundi buryo bwa magnetique sensing progaramu, sisitemu isaba kugenda ugereranije nibikoresho biri munsi yikizamini na probe.Uru rugendo rugerwaho no kuzenguruka magnet na probe inteko ikikije umuzenguruko wa pipe cyangwa umuyoboro.Kugirango wongere umuvuduko wo gutunganya muri ibyo bikoresho, ibyuma byiyongera (byongeye, umurongo) cyangwa imirongo myinshi ikoreshwa.
Guhinduranya MFL guhagarika bishobora kumenya inenge ndende cyangwa ihindagurika.Itandukaniro riri mubyerekezo byububiko bwa magnetisiyonike nigishushanyo mbonera.Muri ibyo bihe byombi, akayunguruzo kerekana inzira yo kumenya inenge no gutandukanya indangamuntu na OD.
MFL isa na ET kandi iruzuzanya.ET ni kubicuruzwa bifite uburebure bwurukuta ruri munsi ya 0.250 ″ naho MFL ni kubicuruzwa bifite uburebure bwurukuta burenze ubwo.
Kimwe mu byiza bya MFL kurenza UT nubushobozi bwayo bwo kumenya inenge zitari nziza.Kurugero, inenge zihindagurika zirashobora kumenyekana byoroshye ukoresheje MFL.Inenge muriyi nzira ya oblique, nubwo igaragara na UT, isaba igenamiterere ryihariye rigenewe inguni.
Urashaka kumenya byinshi kuriyi ngingo?Abakora n’ishyirahamwe ryabakora (FMA) bafite amakuru yinyongera.Abanditsi Phil Meinzinger na William Hoffmann batanga umunsi wuzuye w'amakuru n'amabwiriza ku mahame, amahitamo y'ibikoresho, gushiraho, no gukoresha ubu buryo.Iyi nama yabaye ku ya 10 Ugushyingo ku cyicaro gikuru cya FMA i Elgin, Illinois (hafi ya Chicago).Kwiyandikisha birakinguye muburyo bwo kwitabira no kumuntu.Kugira ngo wige byinshi.
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