Hatitawe ku kuntu icyuma kibisi gikozwe mu muyoboro cyangwa mu muyoboro, inzira yo gukora isiga ibintu byinshi bisigaye hejuru.Gukora no gusudira ku ruganda ruzunguruka, gushushanya kumeza yabugenewe, cyangwa gukoresha piler cyangwa extruder ikurikirwa no gukata-burebure birashobora gutuma umuyoboro cyangwa umuyoboro uhinduka amavuta kandi birashobora gufunga imyanda.Ibihumanya bisanzwe bigomba kuvanwa hejuru yimbere n’imbere harimo amavuta- n’amazi ashingiye ku mavuta yo gushushanya no gukata, imyanda y’ibyuma biva mu bikorwa byo gukata, hamwe n’umukungugu n’imyanda.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gusukura amazi yo mu nzu nuyoboro wumwuka, haba hamwe nigisubizo cyamazi cyangwa umusemburo, birasa nuburyo bukoreshwa mugusukura hanze.Ibi birimo guswera, gucomeka hamwe na cavitation ya ultrasonic.Ubu buryo bwose bukora neza kandi bwakoreshejwe mumyaka mirongo.
Birumvikana ko buri nzira igira aho igarukira, kandi ubu buryo bwo gukora isuku nabwo ntibusanzwe.Kwoza mubisanzwe bisaba intoki nyinshi kandi bigatakaza imbaraga zayo uko umuvuduko wamazi wamazi ugabanuka uko amazi yegera hejuru yumuyoboro (ingaruka zumupaka) (reba Ishusho 1).Gupakira bikora neza, ariko birakora cyane kandi ntibishoboka kuri diametero ntoya cyane nkibikoreshwa mubuvuzi (insimburangingo cyangwa luminal tubes).Ingufu za Ultrasonic zifite akamaro mu gusukura hanze, ariko ntishobora kwinjira mu bice bikomeye kandi ifite ikibazo cyo kugera imbere mu muyoboro, cyane cyane iyo ibicuruzwa bihujwe.Indi mbogamizi nuko ingufu za ultrasonic zishobora kwangiza hejuru.Amajwi menshi asukurwa na cavitation, arekura ingufu nyinshi hafi yubuso.
Ubundi buryo bwibikorwa ni vacuum cyclic nucleation (VCN), itera imyuka ya gaze gukura no gusenyuka kugirango yimuke.Icyibanze, bitandukanye na ultrasonic inzira, ntabwo ishobora kwangiza ibyuma hejuru.
VCN ikoresha umwuka mwinshi kugirango ihindure kandi ikure amazi imbere mu muyoboro.Ubu ni uburyo bwo kwibiza bukorera mu cyuho kandi burashobora gukoreshwa hamwe n’amazi ashingiye ku mazi kandi ashingiye ku mazi.
Ikora ku ihame rimwe ribyimba iyo amazi atangiye kubira mu nkono.Ibibyimba byambere biboneka ahantu runaka, cyane cyane mumasafuriya yakoreshejwe neza.Kugenzura neza uturere akenshi bigaragaza ububi cyangwa ubundi busembwa bwubuso muri utwo turere.Muri utwo turere niho ubuso bwisafuriya burahuza cyane nubunini bwatanzwe bwamazi.Byongeye kandi, kubera ko utu turere tutagengwa no gukonjesha bisanzwe, imyuka yo mu kirere irashobora gukora byoroshye.
Mu guhererekanya ubushyuhe, ubushyuhe bwimurirwa mumazi kugirango ubushyuhe bwabwo bugere aho butetse.Iyo ingingo itetse igeze, ubushyuhe burahagarara kuzamuka;wongeyeho ubushyuhe bwinshi mubisubizo, ubanza muburyo bwa parike.Iyo ashyushye vuba, amazi yose yo hejuru ahinduka imyuka, izwi nka firime.
Dore uko bigenda iyo uzanye inkono y'amazi kubira: ubanza, ibyuka bihumeka biboneka ahantu runaka hejuru yinkono, hanyuma amazi amaze guhindagurika no kubyutsa, amazi ahita ava mumazi.Hafi yubuso ni imyuka itagaragara;iyo imyuka ikonje idahuye numwuka ukikije, ihurira mumyuka yamazi, igaragara neza nkuko ikora hejuru yinkono.
Abantu bose barazi ko ibi bizabera kuri dogere 212 Fahrenheit (dogere selisiyusi 100), ariko sibyo byose.Ibi bibaho kuri ubu bushyuhe hamwe nigitutu gisanzwe cyikirere, ni pound 14,7 kuri santimetero kare (PSI [1 bar]).Mu yandi magambo, kumunsi iyo umuvuduko wikirere kurwego rwinyanja ari 14.7 psi, aho amazi abira kurwego rwinyanja ni dogere 212 Fahrenheit;kumunsi umwe mumisozi kuri metero 5000 muri kano karere, umuvuduko wikirere ni pound 12.2 kuri santimetero kare, aho amazi yaba afite aho abira dogere 203 Fahrenheit.
Aho kuzamura ubushyuhe bwamazi kugeza aho butetse, inzira ya VCN igabanya umuvuduko uri mucyumba kugeza aho amazi abira ubushyuhe bw ibidukikije.Bisa no guhererekanya ubushyuhe, iyo umuvuduko ugeze aho utetse, ubushyuhe nigitutu biguma bihoraho.Uyu muvuduko witwa umuvuduko wumuyaga.Iyo ubuso bwimbere bwigituba cyangwa umuyoboro bwuzuyemo umwuka, hejuru yinyuma huzura umwuka ukenewe kugirango umuvuduko wumwuka mubyumba.
Nubwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe byerekana ihame rya VCN, inzira ya VCN ikora nabi hamwe no guteka.
Uburyo bwo gukora isuku bwatoranijwe.Igisekuru cyibisekuru ni inzira yatoranijwe igamije gukuraho uduce tumwe na tumwe.Kuraho umwuka wose bigabanya umuvuduko wikirere kuri 0 psi, nigitutu cyumuyaga, bigatuma umwuka uba hejuru.Gukura kwinshi kwumwuka kwimura amazi hejuru yigituba cyangwa nozzle.Iyo icyuho kirekuwe, urugereko rusubira mu muvuduko w'ikirere hanyuma rusukurwa, amazi mashya yuzuza umuyoboro ukurikiraho.Vacuum / umuvuduko ukabije ushyirwa kumasegonda 1 kugeza kuri 3 kandi urashobora gushirwa kumubare uwo ariwo wose wizunguruka bitewe nubunini no kwanduza akazi.
Ibyiza byiyi nzira nuko isukura hejuru yumuyoboro utangirira ahantu handuye.Iyo imyuka ikura, amazi asunikwa hejuru yigituba kandi yihuta, bigatuma habaho imvururu zikomeye kurukuta rwigituba.Ibyishimo byinshi bibera kurukuta, aho umwuka ukura.Byibanze, iyi nzira isenya imipaka, igakomeza amazi hafi yubutaka bwa chimique.Ku mutini.2 yerekana intambwe ebyiri zikorwa ukoresheje 0.1% yumuti wamazi.
Kugirango umwuka ubeho, ibituba bigomba gukora hejuru yubutaka.Ibi bivuze ko inzira yisuku iva hejuru igana mumazi.Nibyingenzi kimwe, nucleation ya bubble itangirana nuduto duto duhurira hejuru, amaherezo tugakora ibibyimba bihamye.Niyo mpamvu, nucleation itonesha uturere dufite ubuso bunini hejuru yubunini bwamazi, nkimiyoboro nuyoboro imbere ya diameter.
Bitewe no kugabanuka kugororotse k'umuyoboro, birashoboka cyane ko habaho imiyoboro imbere.Kuberako ibyuka bihumeka byoroshye kumurambararo wimbere, imyuka iba ihari mbere kandi byihuse kuburyo ishobora kwimura 70% kugeza 80% byamazi.Amazi hejuru yubuso bwicyiciro cya vacuum ni imyuka hafi 100%, yigana firime itetse mugutanga ubushyuhe.
Inzira ya nucleation ikoreshwa mubicuruzwa bigororotse, bigoramye cyangwa bigoramye hafi yuburebure cyangwa iboneza.
Shakisha kuzigama.Sisitemu y'amazi ukoresheje VCNs irashobora kugabanya cyane ibiciro.Kubera ko inzira ikomeza kwibanda cyane ku miti bitewe no kuvanga cyane hafi y’igitereko (reba Ishusho 1), ntabwo imiti myinshi y’imiti isabwa kugira ngo ikwirakwizwa ry’imiti.Gutunganya vuba no gukora isuku nabyo bivamo umusaruro mwinshi kumashini runaka, bityo byongera igiciro cyibikoresho.
Hanyuma, byombi VCN ishingiye kumazi kandi ikemura ibibazo irashobora kongera umusaruro binyuze mukumisha vacuum.Ibi ntibisaba ibikoresho byinyongera, ni igice cyibikorwa.
Bitewe nicyumba gifunze igishushanyo mbonera hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro, sisitemu ya VCN irashobora gushyirwaho muburyo butandukanye.
Inzira ya vacuum cycle nucleation ikoreshwa mugusukura ibice bigize ubunini butandukanye hamwe nibisabwa, nkibikoresho byubuvuzi bito bya diameter (ibumoso) hamwe na radiyo nini ya radiyo nini (iburyo).
Kuri sisitemu ishingiye kuri solvent, ubundi buryo bwo gukora isuku nka parike na spray birashobora gukoreshwa hiyongereyeho VCN.Mubikorwa bimwe bidasanzwe, sisitemu ya ultrasound irashobora kongerwamo imbaraga kugirango VCN itezimbere.Iyo ukoresheje ibishishwa, inzira ya VCN ishyigikirwa na vacuum-to-vacuum (cyangwa idafite ikirere), yatangijwe bwa mbere mu 1991. Inzira igabanya imyuka ihumanya ikirere hamwe no gukoresha ibishishwa kugeza kuri 97% cyangwa birenga.Iyi gahunda yamenyekanye n’ikigo gishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije n’akarere ka Californiya k’ubuyobozi bw’ikirere cy’amajyepfo gishinzwe imicungire y’ikirere kubera akamaro kayo mu kugabanya imikoreshereze n’imikoreshereze.
Sisitemu yo gukemura ikoresheje VCNs irahenze cyane kuko buri sisitemu ishoboye kubuza vacuum, kugabanya kugarura kwinshi.Ibi bigabanya kugura ibicuruzwa no guta imyanda.Iyi nzira ubwayo yongerera ubuzima bwa solve;igipimo cyo kubora gishobora kugabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwo gukora bugabanuka.
Izi sisitemu zirakwiriye nyuma yo kuvurwa nka passivation hamwe na acide acide cyangwa sterisizione hamwe na hydrogen peroxide cyangwa indi miti nibisabwa.Igikorwa cyo hejuru cyibikorwa bya VCN gituma ubwo buvuzi bwihuta kandi buhendutse, kandi burashobora guhuzwa mugushushanya ibikoresho bimwe.
Kugeza ubu, imashini za VCN zagiye zitunganya imiyoboro ntoya ya mm 0,25 z'umurambararo hamwe n'imiyoboro ifite umubyimba wa diameter kugeza ku rukuta rurenze 1000: 1 mu murima.Mu bushakashatsi bwa laboratoire, VCN yagize akamaro mu gukuraho ibishishwa byanduye bigera kuri metero 1 z'uburebure na mm 0.08 z'umurambararo;mu myitozo, yashoboye gusukura binyuze mu mwobo kugeza kuri mm 0,15 z'umurambararo.
Dr. Donald Gray is President of Vacuum Processing Systems and JP Schuttert oversees sales, PO Box 822, East Greenwich, RI 02818, 401-397-8578, contact@vacuumprocessingsystems.com.
Dr. Donald Gray is President of Vacuum Processing Systems and JP Schuttert oversees sales, PO Box 822, East Greenwich, RI 02818, 401-397-8578, contact@vacuumprocessingsystems.com.
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Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-13-2023