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Yerekana karuseli ya sisitemu eshatu icyarimwe.Koresha Utubuto na Ibikurikira kugirango unyuze mumashusho atatu icyarimwe, cyangwa ukoreshe utubuto twa slide kumpera kugirango wimuke unyuze mubice bitatu icyarimwe.
Ibikoresho bine bya reberi ya beto (RuCFST), icyuma kimwe cya beto (CFST) nikintu kimwe cyubusa cyageragejwe mugihe cyunamye.Ibipimo nyamukuru ni igipimo cyogosha (λ) kuva 3 kugeza 5 naho igipimo cyo gusimbuza reberi (r) kuva 10% kugeza 20%.Umwanya uhetamye-umurongo uhetamye, kugoreka umwanya-gutandukana umurongo, hamwe no kugunama umwanya-kugorora umurongo uraboneka.Hasesenguwe uburyo bwo gusenya beto hamwe na reberi.Ibisubizo byerekana ko ubwoko bwo gutsindwa kwabanyamuryango ba RuCFST ari kunanirwa kunanirwa.Ibice biri muri reberi bikwirakwizwa neza kandi bike, kandi kuzuza beto yibanze hamwe na reberi birinda iterambere.Ikigereranyo cya shear-to-span ntacyo cyahinduye kumyitwarire yikigereranyo.Igipimo cyo gusimbuza reberi ntigifite ingaruka nke kubushobozi bwo kwihanganira akanya ko kugunama, ariko bigira ingaruka runaka kumyunvire yikigereranyo.Nyuma yo kuzuza beto ya reberi, ugereranije nicyitegererezo kivuye mu cyuma cyubusa, ubushobozi bwo kugunama no gukomera byunvikana.
Bitewe n'imikorere myiza ya seisimike hamwe nubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu byinshi, ibyuma gakondo byubakishijwe ibyuma (CFST) bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byubuhanga bugezweho1,2,3.Nubwoko bushya bwa reberi, ibice bya reberi bikoreshwa mugusimbuza igice rusange.Ibikoresho bya reberi byuzuye ibyuma byubatswe (RuCFST) byubatswe mukuzuza imiyoboro yicyuma na beto ya reberi kugirango byongere imbaraga ningufu zinganda zubaka4.Ntabwo yifashisha gusa imikorere myiza yabanyamuryango ba CFST, ahubwo inakoresha neza imyanda ya reberi, yujuje ibyifuzo byiterambere byubukungu bwicyatsi kibisi 5,6.
Mu myaka mike ishize, imyitwarire yabanyamuryango ba CFST gakondo munsi yumutwaro wa axial 7,8, imitwaro ya axial-umwanya imikoranire9,10,11 hamwe no kunama neza 12,13,14 yarizwe cyane.Ibisubizo byerekana ko ubushobozi bwo kugunama, gukomera, guhindagurika hamwe nubushobozi bwo gukwirakwiza ingufu za CFST inkingi n'ibiti byatejwe imbere no kuzuza beto y'imbere no kwerekana ihindagurika ryiza.
Kugeza ubu, abashakashatsi bamwe bize imyitwarire n imikorere yinkingi za RuCFST munsi yimitwaro ya axial.Liu na Liang15 bakoze ubushakashatsi butandukanye ku nkingi ngufi za RuCFST, kandi ugereranije n’inkingi za CFST, ubushobozi bwo gutwara no gukomera byagabanutse hamwe n’icyiciro cyo gusimbuza reberi n’ubunini bwa reberi, mu gihe ihindagurika ryiyongereye.Duarte4,16 yagerageje inkingi ngufi za RuCFST kandi yerekana ko inkingi za RuCFST zari zidahwitse hamwe no kongera reberi.Liang17 na Gao18 nabo batangaje ibisubizo bisa kumiterere yamacomeka ya RuCFST yoroshye kandi yoroheje.Gu et al.19 na Jiang et al.20 bize ubushakashatsi bwo gutwara ibintu bya RuCFST mubushyuhe bwinshi.Ibisubizo byerekanaga ko kongeramo reberi byongereye ihindagurika ryimiterere.Mugihe ubushyuhe buzamutse, ubushobozi bwo gutwara bwambere bugabanuka gato.Patel21 yasesenguye imyitwarire yo kwikuramo no guhindagurika yimigozi migufi ya CFST hamwe ninkingi zifite impera zizengurutse munsi ya axial na uniaxial loading.Kugereranya kubara no gusesengura ibipimo byerekana ko ingamba zo kwigana fibre zishobora gusuzuma neza imikorere ya RCFST ngufi.Ihinduka ryiyongera hamwe nikigereranyo, imbaraga zibyuma na beto, kandi bigabanuka hamwe nubujyakuzimu.Muri rusange, inkingi ngufi za RuCFST zitwara kimwe na CFST inkingi kandi zirahinduka kuruta CFST.
Birashobora kugaragara mubisobanuro byavuzwe haruguru ko inkingi za RuCFST zitezimbere nyuma yo gukoresha neza inyongeramusaruro muri beto shingiro yinkingi za CFST.Kubera ko nta mutwaro uremereye, net yunamye ibaho kumpera imwe yinkingi.Mubyukuri, ibiranga kugonda biranga RuCFST ntibigenga kubiranga imitwaro ya axial22.Mubuhanga bufatika, imiterere ya RuCFST ikunze gukorerwa imitwaro yigihe gito.Ubushakashatsi bwibintu byacyo byunamye bifasha kumenya uburyo bwo guhindura no gutsindwa kwibintu bya RuCFST munsi yibikorwa 23.Kubikorwa bya RuCFST, birakenewe kwiga imitungo yera igoramye yibintu bya RuCFST.
Ni muri urwo rwego, ingero esheshatu zageragejwe kugira ngo zige ku miterere y’imiterere y’ibikoresho bigororotse gusa.Ibindi bisigaye byiyi ngingo byateguwe kuburyo bukurikira.Ubwa mbere, ibice bitandatu bya kare-bigereranijwe hamwe cyangwa bituzuye byuzuzanya.Reba uburyo bwo kunanirwa bwa buri sample kubisubizo byibizamini.Icya kabiri, hasesenguwe imikorere yibintu bya RuCFST mu kugonda neza, hanaganiriwe ku ngaruka z’ikigereranyo cyo hagati ya 3-5 n’ikigereranyo cyo gusimbuza reberi ya 10-20% ku miterere y’imiterere ya RuCFST.Hanyuma, itandukaniro mubushobozi bwo kwikorera imitwaro no kugonda gukomera hagati ya RuCFST nibintu gakondo bya CFST biragereranijwe.
Ibigereranyo bitandatu bya CFST byarangiye, bine byuzuye beto ya rubber, imwe yuzuye beto isanzwe, naho iya gatandatu yari irimo ubusa.Ingaruka zo guhindura reberi (r) hamwe na span shear ratio (λ) ziraganirwaho.Ibipimo nyamukuru byicyitegererezo bitangwa mu mbonerahamwe ya 1. Inyuguti t yerekana uburebure bwumuyoboro, B nuburebure bwuruhande rwicyitegererezo, L nuburebure bwikitegererezo, Mue nubushobozi bwapimwe bwo gupima, Kie nintangiriro kunama gukomera, Kse ni kunama gukomera muri serivisi.ibibera.
Icyitegererezo cya RuCFST cyahimbwe mu byapa bine by'ibyuma bisudira ari bibiri kugira ngo bibe umuyoboro w'icyuma wa kare, hanyuma wuzura beto.Isahani ya mm 10 yuburebure irasudwa kuri buri mpera yikigereranyo.Imiterere ya mashini yicyuma igaragara mu mbonerahamwe ya 2. Ukurikije ubushinwa busanzwe GB / T228-201024, imbaraga zingana (fu) nimbaraga zitanga umusaruro (fy) zumuyoboro wibyuma bigenwa nuburyo busanzwe bwo gupima.Ibisubizo by'ibizamini ni 260 MPa na MPa 350.Modulus ya elastique (Es) ni 176 GPa, naho igipimo cya Poisson (ν) cyicyuma ni 0.3.
Mugihe cyo kwipimisha, imbaraga zo kubabaza (fcu) za beto yerekanwe kumunsi wa 28 zabazwe kuri 40 MPa.Ikigereranyo cya 3, 4 na 5 cyatoranijwe hashingiwe ku bice 25 byabanje kuko ibi bishobora kwerekana ibibazo byose bijyanye no kohereza.Ibipimo bibiri byo gusimbuza reberi ya 10% na 20% bisimbuza umucanga bivanze na beto.Muri ubu bushakashatsi, hakoreshejwe ifu ya rubber isanzwe ivuye mu ruganda rwa Tianyu Cement (ikirango cya Tianyu mu Bushinwa).Ingano ya reberi ni mm 1-2.Imbonerahamwe 3 irerekana igipimo cya reberi ya beto hamwe nuruvange.Kuri buri bwoko bwa beto ya reberi, cubes eshatu zifite uruhande rwa mm 150 zaratewe kandi zirakira mugihe cyibizamini byagenwe nubuziranenge.Umucanga ukoreshwa muruvange ni umucanga wa silice kandi igiteranyo cyuzuye ni urutare rwa karubone mumujyi wa Shenyang, mumajyaruguru yubushinwa.Imbaraga ziminsi 28 zo kwikuramo imbaraga (fcu), prismatic compressive strength (fc ') hamwe na modulus ya elastique (Ec) kumibare itandukanye yo gusimbuza reberi (10% na 20%) irerekanwa mumbonerahamwe 3. Shyira mubikorwa GB50081-201926.
Ibigereranyo byose byageragejwe hamwe na hydraulic silinderi ifite ingufu za 600 kN.Mugihe cyo gupakira, imbaraga ebyiri zashyizwe hamwe zikoreshwa muburyo bumwe kuri bine zipima ikizamini hanyuma zigabanywa hejuru yikigereranyo.Ihinduka ripimwa n'ibipimo bitanu byerekana kuri buri cyitegererezo.Gutandukana kugaragara hakoreshejwe ibyuma bitatu byo kwimura byerekanwe ku gishushanyo 1 na 2. 1 na 2.
Ikizamini cyakoresheje sisitemu yo kubanziriza.Fata ku muvuduko wa 2kN / s, hanyuma uhagarare ku mutwaro ugera kuri 10kN, reba niba igikoresho na selile selile imeze neza.Muri bande ya elastike, buri mutwaro wiyongereye ukoreshwa munsi ya kimwe cya cumi cyumutwaro uteganijwe.Iyo umuyoboro wibyuma urangiye, umutwaro washyizwe munsi ya kimwe cya cumi na gatanu cyumutwaro uteganijwe.Fata nk'iminota ibiri nyuma yo gukoresha urwego rwumutwaro mugihe cyo gupakira.Mugihe icyitegererezo cyegereje kunanirwa, igipimo cyo gukomeza gupakira kigenda gahoro.Iyo umutwaro wa axial ugeze munsi ya 50% yumutwaro wanyuma cyangwa ibyangiritse bigaragara kuboneka kurugero, imizigo irarangira.
Gusenya ingero zose zipimishije byagaragaje guhindagurika neza.Nta gice kigaragara cyabonetse muri zone ya tensile yumuyoboro wicyuma cyikizamini.Ubwoko busanzwe bwo kwangiza imiyoboro yicyuma irerekanwa mugitabo.3. Dufashe icyitegererezo SB1 nkurugero, mugihe cyambere cyo gupakira mugihe umwanya wo kugunama uri munsi ya 18 kN m, icyitegererezo SB1 kiri murwego rwa elastique nta guhindagurika kugaragara, kandi umuvuduko wo kwiyongera mugihe cyapimwe cyapimwe ni kinini kuruta igipimo cyo kwiyongera mugihe.Ibikurikiraho, umuyoboro wibyuma muri zone ya tensile urahinduka kandi unyura mubyiciro bya plastiki.Iyo umwanya wo kunama ugeze kuri 26 kNm, agace ko guhunika kwicyuma giciriritse gitangira kwaguka.Indwara ikura buhoro buhoro uko umutwaro wiyongera.Umutwaro-gutandukana umurongo ntugabanuka kugeza igihe umutwaro ugeze ahakomeye.
Ubushakashatsi bumaze kurangira, icyitegererezo SB1 (RuCFST) hamwe na SB5 (CFST) byaciwe kugirango barebe neza uburyo bwo kunanirwa kwa beto shingiro, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4. Birashobora kugaragara ku gishushanyo cya 4 ko ibice biri mu cyitegererezo SB1 ikwirakwizwa neza kandi gake muri beto fatizo, kandi intera iri hagati ya cm 10 na 15.Intera iri hagati yimyenda muri sample SB5 ni kuva kuri cm 5 kugeza kuri 8, ibice ntibisanzwe kandi biragaragara.Mubyongeyeho, ibice biri muri sample SB5 bigera kuri 90 ° kuva mukarere ka tension kugeza kuri compression hanyuma bigatera imbere bigera kuri 3/4 byuburebure bwigice.Ibyingenzi byingenzi byacitse muri sample SB1 ni bito kandi ntibikunze kugaragara kuruta muri SB5.Gusimbuza umucanga na reberi birashobora, kurwego runaka, gukumira iterambere ryimyenda muri beto.
Ku mutini.5 yerekana ikwirakwizwa rya deflection muburebure bwa buri cyitegererezo.Umurongo uhamye nu gutandukanya umurongo wikizamini kandi umurongo utudomo ni sinusoidal igice cyumuraba.Kuva ku mutini.Igicapo 5 cerekana ko umurongo uhinduranya inkoni uhuza neza na sinusoidal igice cya kabiri cyumurongo mugihe cyo gupakira kwambere.Mugihe umutwaro wiyongera, gutandukana gutandukana bitandukanije gato na sinusoidal igice-cyumurongo.Nibisanzwe, mugihe cyo gupakira, gutandukanya imirongo yintangarugero kuri buri cyiciro cyo gupima ni kimwe cya kabiri cya sinusoidal umurongo.
Kuva ihindagurika ryibintu bya RuCFST muburyo bunamye bukurikira sinusoidal igice cy-umurongo uhetamye, ikigereranyo cyo kugunama gishobora kugaragazwa nka:
Iyo fibre ntarengwa ya fibre ari 0.01, urebye imiterere nyayo ikoreshwa, umwanya uhuye ugenwa nkibintu byanyuma byunvikana 27.Ubushobozi bwo gupima igihe cyapimwe (Mue) cyagenwe rero cyerekanwe mu mbonerahamwe ya 1. Ukurikije ubushobozi bwapimwe bwo gupima igihe (Mue) hamwe na formula (3) yo kubara kugabanuka (φ), umurongo wa M-in ku gishushanyo cya 6 urashobora kuba Yateguwe.Kuri M = 0.2Mue28, intangiriro yo gukomera Kie ifatwa nkigikonoshwa gikwiranye.Iyo M = 0.6Mue, kunama gukomera (Kse) byicyiciro cyakazi byashyizwe kumurongo uhuye no kugonda.
Birashobora kugaragara uhereye mugihe cyo kugunama kugorora umurongo mugihe cyo kugunama no kugabanuka byiyongera cyane kumurongo murwego rwa elastique.Umuvuduko wo gukura kwigihe cyo kugunama uragaragara neza kurenza uwuhetamye.Iyo umwanya wo kugunama M ari 0.2Mue, urugero rugera kumurongo ntarengwa.Mugihe umutwaro wiyongera, icyitegererezo kigenda gihinduka plastike kandi kikanyura murwego rwa elastoplastique.Hamwe nigihe cyo kugunama M kingana na 0.7-0.8 Mue, umuyoboro wibyuma uzahindurwa mukarere ka tension ndetse no muri compression ubundi.Muri icyo gihe, umurongo wa Mf w'icyitegererezo utangira kwigaragaza nk'ahantu ho guhindagurika kandi ukura utari umurongo, ibyo bikaba byongera ingaruka zifatika z'umuyoboro w'icyuma hamwe na reberi ya beto.Iyo M ingana na Mue, icyitegererezo cyinjira murwego rwo gukomera rwa plastike, hamwe no guhindagurika no kugabanuka byikigereranyo byiyongera vuba, mugihe umwanya wo kunama wiyongera buhoro.
Ku mutini.7 yerekana imirongo yigihe cyo kugunama (M) na strain (ε) kuri buri sample.Igice cyo hejuru cyigice cyo hagati cyicyitegererezo kiri munsi yo kwikuramo, naho igice cyo hepfo kiri munsi.Ibipimo byerekana “1 ″ na“ 2 ″ biherereye hejuru yikizamini, ibipimo byerekana “3 ″ biri hagati yikigereranyo, naho ibipimo byerekana“ 4 ″ na “5 ″.”Biri munsi yikizamini.Igice cyo hepfo yicyitegererezo cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2. Kuva ku gishushanyo cya 7 birashobora kugaragara ko mugihe cyambere cyo gupakira, ihindagurika rirerire muri zone ya tension no muri compression zone yibintu byegeranye cyane, kandi na ihindagurika ni umurongo.Mugice cyo hagati, habaho kwiyongera gake deformité de longitudinal, ariko ubunini bwubwiyongere ni buto.Noneho, beto ya reberi muri zone ya tension yaracitse. Kubera ko umuyoboro wibyuma muri zone ya tension ukenera gusa guhangana nimbaraga, kandi reberi ya beto hamwe nicyuma muri zone yo kwikuramo bitwara umutwaro hamwe, guhindagurika muri zone ya tension ya element iruta ihindagurika muri uko umutwaro wiyongera, deformations zirenze imbaraga zumusaruro wibyuma, hanyuma umuyoboro wibyuma urinjira icyiciro cya elastoplastique. Igipimo cyo kwiyongera kumurongo wicyitegererezo cyari hejuru cyane ugereranije nigihe cyo kugunama, kandi zone ya plastike yatangiye gukura kugeza igice cyuzuye.
Imirongo ya M-um kuri buri cyitegererezo irerekanwa mu gishushanyo cya 8. Ku mutini.8, imirongo yose ya M-um ikurikira inzira imwe nabanyamuryango ba CFST gakondo 22,27.Muri buri cyiciro, umurongo wa M-um werekana igisubizo cyoroshye mugice cyambere, ugakurikirwa nimyitwarire idahwitse hamwe no kugabanuka gukomera, kugeza igihe ntarengwa cyemewe cyo kugunama kigeze buhoro buhoro.Ariko, kubera ibipimo bitandukanye byo kugerageza, M-um umurongo uratandukanye gato.Umwanya wo gutandukana kuri shear-to-span ratios kuva 3 kugeza 5 irerekanwa mugitabo.8a.Ubushobozi bwemewe bwo kugunama bwa sample SB2 (shear factor λ = 4) iri munsi ya 6.57% ugereranije nicyitegererezo SB1 (λ = 5), kandi ubushobozi bwo kunama umwanya wintangarugero SB3 (λ = 3) irarenze iy'icyitegererezo SB2 (λ = 4) 3,76%.Muri rusange, nkuko igipimo cyo gukata cyiyongera, icyerekezo cyimpinduka mugihe cyemewe ntabwo kigaragara.M-um umurongo ntugaragara nkaho ufitanye isano na shear-to-span ratio.Ibi bihuye nibyo Lu na Kennedy25 babonye kumirasire ya CFST hamwe nigipimo cyogosha kuva kuri 1.03 kugeza 5.05.Impamvu ishoboka kubanyamuryango ba CFST ni uko ku bipimo bitandukanye byogosha, uburyo bwo guhererekanya ingufu hagati yimiyoboro ya beto nu byuma bisa nkaho ari bimwe, bikaba bitagaragara nkabanyamuryango ba beto bashimangiwe25.
Kuva ku mutini.8b yerekana ko ubushobozi bwo gutwara ingero SB4 (r = 10%) na SB1 (r = 20%) buri hejuru cyane cyangwa munsi ugereranije nicyitegererezo gakondo CFST SB5 (r = 0), kandi cyiyongereyeho 3,15% kandi kigabanuka na 1 .57 ku ijana.Nyamara, intangiriro yo kunama (Kie) yintangarugero SB4 na SB1 irarenze cyane ugereranije nicyitegererezo SB5, ni 19.03% na 18.11%.Kwunama gukomera (Kse) byintangarugero SB4 na SB1 mugice cyibikorwa ni 8.16% na 7.53% hejuru yicyitegererezo cya SB5.Berekana ko igipimo cyo gusimbuza reberi nta ngaruka nini ku bushobozi bwo kugonda, ariko gifite ingaruka nini ku kugonda gukomera kwingero za RuCFST.Ibi birashobora guterwa nuko plastike ya beto ya reberi mu byitegererezo bya RuCFST iruta plastike ya beto karemano mubisanzwe CFST.Muri rusange, kumenagura no gutobora muri beto karemano bitangira gukwirakwira hakiri kare kuruta beto 29.Uhereye muburyo busanzwe bwo kunanirwa bwa beto shingiro (Igishusho 4), ibice bya sample ya SB5 (beto karemano) nini kandi yuzuye kuruta iy'icyitegererezo SB1 (beto ya rubber).Ibi birashobora kugira uruhare mukubuza kwinshi gutangwa nu miyoboro yicyuma kuburugero rwa SB1 rwubatswe neza ugereranije nicyitegererezo cya SB5.Inyigo ya Durate16 nayo yaje gufata imyanzuro isa.
Kuva ku mutini.8c yerekana ko ikintu cya RuCFST gifite ubushobozi bwo kugunama no guhindagurika kuruta icyuma gipima ibyuma.Imbaraga zunama zicyitegererezo SB1 kuva RuCFST (r = 20%) ziri hejuru ya 68.90% kurenza iy'icyitegererezo SB6 kiva mu miyoboro y'icyuma irimo ubusa, hamwe no kunama kwambere (Kie) no kunama gukomera kurwego rwo gukora (Kse) by'icyitegererezo SB1 ni 40.52%., ikaba isumba icyitegererezo SB6, yari hejuru ya 16,88%.Igikorwa cyahujwe numuyoboro wibyuma hamwe na reberi ya beto ya reberi byongera ubushobozi bwimikorere nubukomezi bwibintu bigize.Ibintu bya RuCFST byerekana uburyo bwiza bwo guhindagurika iyo bikorewe imitwaro yunamye.
Ibihe byavunitse byavuyemo byagereranijwe nigihe cyo kugunama cyerekanwe mubipimo byubushakashatsi nkubu amategeko yubuyapani AIJ (2008) 30, amategeko yu Bwongereza BS5400 (2005) 31, amategeko yu Burayi EC4 (2005) 32 n’amategeko y’Ubushinwa GB50936 (2014) 33. umwanya wo kunama (Muc) mugihe cyo kugerageza kugorora (Mue) gitangwa mumeza 4 kandi gitangwa mugitabo.9. Indangagaciro zabazwe za AIJ (2008), BS5400 (2005) na GB50936 (2014) ziri 19%, 13.2% na 19.4% ziri munsi yikigereranyo cyagereranijwe.Igihe cyo kugunama kibarwa na EC4 (2005) ni 7% munsi yikigereranyo cyagereranijwe, nicyo cyegereye.
Imiterere yubukorikori bwibintu bya RuCFST munsi yunamye isuzumwa mubigeragezo.Ukurikije ubushakashatsi, hashobora kuvamo imyanzuro ikurikira.
Abanyamuryango bapimwe ba RuCFST bagaragaje imyitwarire isa nuburyo gakondo bwa CFST.Usibye ibyuma byubusa byubusa, urugero rwa RuCFST na CFST rufite ihindagurika ryiza kubera kuzuza beto ya beto na beto.
Igipimo cyogutandukanya cyagereranijwe kuva kuri 3 kugeza kuri 5 bifite ingaruka nke kumwanya wapimwe no kunama gukomera.Igipimo cyo gusimbuza reberi ntigishobora kugira ingaruka kumurwanya wikitegererezo mugihe cyo kugunama, ariko gifite ingaruka runaka kumyunvire yikitegererezo.Intangiriro ya flexural stiffness yikigereranyo SB1 hamwe na reberi yo gusimbuza reberi ya 10% iri hejuru ya 19.03% ugereranije niyisanzwe gakondo CFST SB5.Eurocode EC4 (2005) itanga isuzuma ryukuri ryubushobozi buhebuje bwibintu bya RuCFST.Kwiyongera kwa reberi kuri beto shingiro bitezimbere ubwitonzi bwa beto, bigaha ibintu bya Confucian gukomera.
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GB / T.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-05-2023