Ni kangahe habaye ibibazo byumusaruro mugihe ibishishwa bishya cyangwa gushonga byashyizwe mubikorwa?Ibi bibazo birashobora gucika, kumeneka, burrs, kwinjirira nabi gusudira, hejuru yumuriro wa electropolised, nibindi byinshi.Ibizamini bikomeye, ibizamini bya tensile, hamwe nu bice byambukiranya ibyuma, hamwe no gusuzuma raporo yikizamini cyuruganda nuburyo busanzwe bwo kumenya inkomoko yikibazo.Rimwe na rimwe, inkomoko yikibazo iraboneka, ariko mubisanzwe ntakintu kidasanzwe kiboneka.Muri ibi bihe, ikibazo kiri mubigize ibyuma, kabone niyo ibivangwa biri murwego rwagenwe rwicyuma.

Ibisobanuro bya ASTM 316 2205 904l 2B BA HL 6K 8K indorerwamo irangiza icyuma kidafite ingese:

Muri iki kiganiro, tuzagabanya ibiganiro byacu kubyuma bya austenitis bitagira umuyonga, nubwo ibitekerezo byinshi bikoreshwa mubundi bwoko.Ibintu byinshi bitera ibibazo ntibigenzurwa kandi bigomba gutomorwa kubisobanuro byabakiriya cyangwa kubigura.Ntukibwire ko amavuta ugura yakozwe kuva murwego rwo hagati ya buri kintu.Kuva mu 1988, uruganda rukora ibyuma rufite gahunda izwi nka "alloy chipping" ikoresha byibuze ibintu bivangavanze kugirango hirindwe gushyuha no gukonja gukonje.
Icyiciro cya Grade Igishushanyo cya Austenitike idafite ibyuma byashizweho kugirango itange ruswa irwanya ibidukikije ahantu henshi, irwanya hydrogène hamwe na embrittlement kuri 885ºF (475ºC), imbaraga nziza, guhindagurika neza no gukomera.Ibyuma bidafite ingese muburyo bworoshye cyane ni ibyuma byibuze chromium 12%.Ibi nibyo bituma ibyuma bidafite ingese birwanya ingese kandi bigatuma firime ikora neza.Ibyuma bitagira umwanda bibaho muri leta eshatu ziciriritse bitewe nibigize hamwe no kuvura ubushyuhe: ferritic, martensitike na austenitis.Aya mazina yerekeza kumiterere ya kristu: ferrite nububiko bushingiye kumubiri, austenite nububiko bushingiye kumaso, na martensite ni sisitemu igoretse ya tetragonal, ni ukuvuga ko imiterere ya cubic igoretse ihinduka umubiri.
Icyuma gisukuye gifite ishusho ya cubic igizwe numubiri kandi ibaho kuva kuri zeru rwose kugeza aho ishonga.Iyo ibintu bimwe byongeweho, "gamma impeta" cyangwa austenite birema.Ibi bintu ni karubone, chromium, nikel, manganese, tungsten, molybdenum, silicon, vanadium na silicon.Muri ibyo bintu, nikel, manganese, chromium na karubone birashobora kwagura impeta ya gamma kure cyane.Nibihuza nikel na chromium bituma ibyuma bya austenitis bitagira umuyonga bihura na cubic hagati ya zeru kugeza aho gushonga.Iyi mpeta ya gamma niyo itandukanya ferritic alloys na martensitike.Chromium yibigize ibyuma bya martensitike idafite ibyuma bigufi cyane, 14-18%, kandi igomba kuba irimo karubone, kuko iyo ishyutswe murirwo rwego hashobora kubaho austenite yera, kugirango martensite iboneke mukuzimya.Amavuta ya ferritike afite ibirimo haba munsi ya 14% cyangwa hejuru ya 18%.Guhindura ibice bivangavanze birashobora guhindura urwego.Inzira isanzwe ni ugukomeza karbasi yawe.
Ibyuma bisanzwe bya austenitis bitagira ibyuma bishingiye kubigize 18-8, 18% Cr 8% Ni.Niba nikel iri mubyuma irenze 8%, ni austenitis, niba nikel iri hasi, noneho ni duplex ibyuma, ni ukuvuga austenitis hamwe nibirwa bya ferrite.Kuri nikel 5%, imiterere igera kuri 50% austenitis, 50% ferritic, munsi ya 3% ihinduka ferritic yuzuye.Rero, 8% nikel niyo shingiro ryibyuma bya austenitike bihendutse.
Iyo ibintu bivanze byongewe mubyuma, birashobora gufata umwanya muri kristu nkuru.Ibi bizwi nkibisimbuza amavuta kandi ibivanze bikomeza icyiciro kimwe.Ibindi bintu ni bito bihagije kugirango bihuze hagati ya atome, byitwa interstitial element, kandi ibivanze bikomeza icyiciro kimwe.Ibindi bice bizahuza kugirango bibe byihariye bya kristu kandi bigire ibyiciro byihariye.Abandi bakora nk'umwanda muri alloy, uzwi nka inclusion.