2507 ibyuma bitagira umuyonga wa coil tube ibikoresho bya chimique, Bingana na Thermal Network Network Simulation Kwiga Kubidasanzwe Isi Igihangange Magnetostrictive Transducer

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• Ibisobanuro ku bicuruzwa
• 2507 Ibyuma bitagira umuyonga byometse kubushinwa

Ibyingenzi mubishushanyo mbonera bya magnetostrictive transducer (GMT) byihuse kandi byukuri gusesengura ubushyuhe.Imiyoboro ya Thermal yerekana uburyo bwiza bwo kubara no kubara neza kandi irashobora gukoreshwa muburyo bwo gusesengura ubushyuhe bwa GMT.Nyamara, moderi yubushyuhe iriho ifite aho igarukira mugusobanura ubu buryo bukomeye bwubushyuhe muri GMT: ubushakashatsi bwinshi bwibanda kuri leta zidahagarara zidashobora gufata ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe;Muri rusange hafatwa ko gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bwinkoni nini za magnetostrictive (GMM) ari bimwe, ariko ubushyuhe bwikigereranyo hejuru yinkoni ya GMM burahambaye cyane kubera ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro, gukwirakwiza igihombo kidahuje na GMM ntibikunze kwinjizwa mubushuhe icyitegererezo.Kubwibyo, usuzumye byimazeyo ibintu bitatu byavuzwe haruguru, iyi nyandiko ishyiraho icyitegererezo cya GMT Inzibacyuho Yingana (TETN).Ubwa mbere, hashingiwe ku gishushanyo n’ihame ryimikorere ya longitudinal vibratory HMT, hakorwa isesengura ryumuriro.Kuri iyi shingiro, icyitegererezo cyo gushyushya cyashyizweho kubikorwa byo kohereza ubushyuhe bwa HMT kandi ibipimo by'icyitegererezo bihuye bibarwa.Hanyuma, ubunyangamugayo bwa TETN yuburyo bwa transducer ubushyuhe spatiotemporal isesengura bigenzurwa no kwigana no kugerageza.
Ibikoresho binini bya magnetostrictive (GMM), aribyo terfenol-D, bifite ibyiza bya magnetostriction nini nubucucike bwinshi.Iyi miterere idasanzwe irashobora gukoreshwa mugutezimbere ibinini bya magnetostrictive transducers (GMTs) bishobora gukoreshwa muburyo butandukanye nko gukoresha amazi yo mu mazi acoustic transducers, micromotors, moteri ikora umurongo, nibindi 1,2.
Ikibazo gihangayikishije cyane ni amahirwe yo gushyuha cyane GMTs zo mu nyanja, iyo, iyo ikoresheje ingufu zose kandi mugihe kirekire cyo kwishima, ishobora kubyara ubushyuhe bwinshi bitewe nubucucike bukabije3,4.Byongeye kandi, kubera coefficente nini yo kwagura ubushyuhe bwa GMT hamwe no kumva neza ubushyuhe bwo hanze, imikorere yayo ijyanye cyane nubushyuhe 5,6,7,8.Mubitabo bya tekiniki, uburyo bwo gusesengura ubushyuhe bwa GMT burashobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri bigari9: uburyo bwumubare hamwe nuburyo bwa parameter.Uburyo bwanyuma (FEM) nuburyo bumwe bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gusesengura imibare.Xie n'abandi.[10] yakoresheje uburyo bwanyuma bwo kwigana ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe bwa moteri nini ya magnetostrictive kandi amenya igishushanyo mbonera cyo kugenzura ubushyuhe no gukonjesha sisitemu.Zhao n'abandi.[11] yashyizeho ikintu cyanyuma cyo kwigana umurima utemba wumurima hamwe nubushuhe bwubushyuhe, hanyuma yubaka ibikoresho bya GMM byubwenge bigenzura ubushyuhe bushingiye kubisubizo byikigereranyo cyanyuma.Ariko, FEM irasaba cyane muburyo bwo kwerekana imiterere nigihe cyo kubara.Kubwiyi mpamvu, FEM ifatwa nkinkunga yingenzi yo kubara kumurongo, mubisanzwe mugihe cyo gushushanya icyiciro.
Uburyo bwa parameter yuburyo bukunze kwitwa moderi yubushyuhe, bukoreshwa cyane mubisesengura rya termodinamike kubera imiterere yimibare yoroshye hamwe no kubara umuvuduko mwinshi 12,13,14.Ubu buryo bugira uruhare runini mugukuraho ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa moteri 15, 16, 17. Mellor18 niwe wambere wakoresheje uburyo bwiza bwumuriro uhwanye na T kugirango ugaragaze uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bwa moteri.Verez n'abandi.19 yaremye icyitegererezo cyibice bitatu byumurongo wumuriro wumuriro wa magnet uhoraho hamwe na axial flow.Boglietti et al.Hanyuma, Wang et al.21 yashyizeho ibisobanuro birambuye byumuriro uhwanye na buri kintu cya PMSM hanyuma uvuga muri make ikigereranyo cyo kurwanya ubushyuhe.Mubihe byizina, ikosa rirashobora kugenzurwa muri 5%.
Mu myaka ya za 90, imiyoboro y'urusobe rw'ubushyuhe yatangiye gukoreshwa kuri power-power-low-frequency ihindura.Dubus et al.22 yashyizeho uburyo bwurusobe rwubushyuhe kugirango isobanure ihererekanyabubasha rihagaze muri vibatori ebyiri-ndende na vibator ya class IV.Anjanappa et al.23 yakoze isesengura rya 2D rihagaze ryumuriro wa microdrive ya magnetostrictive ukoresheje moderi yumuriro.Kwiga isano iri hagati yumuriro wa Terfenol-D na GMT ibipimo, Zhu nibindi.24 yashyizeho leta ihamye ihwanye no kurwanya ubushyuhe hamwe no kubara kwimurwa kwa GMT.
Ikigereranyo cy'ubushyuhe bwa GMT kiragoye kuruta moteri ikoreshwa.Bitewe nubushuhe buhebuje bwumuriro na magnetiki yibikoresho byakoreshejwe, ibice byinshi bya moteri bifatwa kubushyuhe bumwe mubisanzwe bigabanuka kuri node imwe 13,19.Nyamara, kubera ubushyuhe buke bwa HMMs, igitekerezo cyo gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe bumwe ntibikiri byiza.Byongeye kandi, HMM ifite imbaraga za magneti nkeya cyane, bityo ubushyuhe buterwa no gutakaza magnetique mubusanzwe ntabwo ari bumwe kuruhande rwa HMM.Mubyongeyeho, ibyinshi mubushakashatsi byibanze kumiterere-ihamye itagaragaza ihinduka ryubushyuhe mugihe cya GMT.
Kugirango ukemure ibibazo bitatu bya tekiniki byavuzwe haruguru, iyi ngingo ikoresha guhindagurika kwa GMT ndende nkikintu cyo kwiga kandi ikerekana neza ibice bitandukanye bya transducer, cyane cyane inkoni ya GMM.Icyitegererezo cyinzibacyuho yuzuye ihwanye nubushyuhe (TETN) GMT yarakozwe.Icyitegererezo cyibintu bitagira ingano hamwe nubushakashatsi bwubatswe byubatswe kugirango hamenyekane neza imikorere yimikorere ya TETN yo gusesengura ubushyuhe bwa transducer spatiotemporal.
Igishushanyo nuburinganire bwa geometrike ya HMF ndende ihindagurika irerekanwa mumashusho 1a na b.
Ibice by'ingenzi birimo inkoni ya GMM, ibishishwa byo mu murima, magnesi zihoraho (PM), ingogo, amakariso, ibihuru, n'amasoko ya belleville.Igiceri cyo kwishima hamwe na PMT bitanga inkoni ya HMM hamwe na magnetiki isimburana hamwe na DC ibogamye ya magnetiki.Ingogo n'umubiri, bigizwe n'umutwe n'intoki, bikozwe mu cyuma cyoroshye cya DT4, gifite imbaraga za rukuruzi nyinshi.Gukora uruziga rukinze hamwe na GIM na PM.Igisohoka gisohoka hamwe nicyapa cyumuvuduko bikozwe mubitari magnetique 304 ibyuma bidafite ingese.Hamwe n'amasoko ya belleville, icyubahiro gihamye gishobora gukoreshwa kuruti.Iyo insimburangingo ihindagurika inyuze muri coil ya drayike, inkoni ya HMM izahinda umushyitsi.
Ku mutini.2 yerekana inzira yo guhana ubushyuhe imbere muri GMT.Inkoni ya GMM hamwe na coil yo murwego nisoko ebyiri nyamukuru yubushyuhe kuri GMT.Inzoka ihererekanya ubushyuhe bwayo mumubiri no guhumeka ikirere imbere no kumupfundikizo.Inkoni ya HMM izatera igihombo cya magneti munsi yumurimo wa magneti uhinduranya, kandi ubushyuhe buzoherezwa mugikonoshwa bitewe no guhurira mu kirere cyimbere, no kuri rukuruzi ihoraho hamwe ningogo kubera gutwara.Ubushyuhe bwimuriwe murubanza noneho bwoherezwa hanze hakoreshejwe convection hamwe nimirasire.Iyo ubushyuhe butangwa bungana nubushyuhe bwimuwe, ubushyuhe bwa buri gice cya GMT bugera kumurongo uhamye.
Inzira yo guhererekanya ubushyuhe muri GMO ihindagurika cyane: a - igishushanyo cyerekana ubushyuhe, b - inzira nyamukuru yo kohereza ubushyuhe.
Usibye ubushyuhe butangwa na coil coil hamwe na HMM inkoni, ibice byose bigize uruziga rufunze rufite igihombo cya magneti.Rero, rukuruzi ihoraho, ingogo, ingofero hamwe nintoki byashyizwe hamwe kugirango bigabanye igihombo cya GMT.
Intambwe zingenzi mukubaka icyitegererezo cya TETN ya GMT isesengura ryubushyuhe nuburyo bukurikira: ibice byitsinda ryambere hamwe nubushyuhe bumwe hamwe kandi bigereranya buri kintu nkumutwe wihariye murusobe, hanyuma uhuze iyi node hamwe nuburyo bukwiye bwo kohereza ubushyuhe.gutwara ubushyuhe no guhuza hagati yumutwe.Muri iki gihe, inkomoko yubushyuhe nibisohoka ubushyuhe bujyanye na buri kintu gihujwe kuburinganire hagati yumutwe na zeru zisanzwe zisi kugirango hubakwe icyitegererezo gihwanye numuyoboro wubushyuhe.Intambwe ikurikiraho ni ukubara ibipimo byurusobe rwumuriro kuri buri kintu kigize icyitegererezo, harimo kurwanya ubushyuhe, ubushobozi bwubushyuhe no gutakaza ingufu.Hanyuma, moderi ya TETN ishyirwa mubikorwa muri SPICE yo kwigana.Kandi urashobora kubona ubushyuhe bwo gukwirakwiza buri kintu kigize GMT nimpinduka zayo mugihe cyagenwe.
Kugirango byoroherezwe kwerekana no kubara, birakenewe koroshya imiterere yubushyuhe no kwirengagiza imipaka imipaka idafite ingaruka nke kubisubizo 18.26.Icyitegererezo cya TETN cyatanzwe muri iyi ngingo gishingiye ku bitekerezo bikurikira:
Muri GMT hamwe no gukomeretsa bidasanzwe, ntibishoboka cyangwa birakenewe kwigana umwanya wa buri muyobora.Ingamba zinyuranye zo kwerekana icyitegererezo zateguwe kera kugirango zerekane uburyo bwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe no gukwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu mpinduka: (1) guhuza ubushyuhe bw’umuriro, (2) ibigereranyo bitaziguye bishingiye kuri geometrike, (3) T-bihwanye n’umuriro wa 29.
Gukomatanya ubushyuhe bwumuriro hamwe nuburinganire butaziguye birashobora gufatwa nkibisubizo nyabyo kuruta umuzenguruko uhwanye na T, ariko biterwa nibintu byinshi, nkibikoresho, imiyoboro ya geometrike hamwe nubunini bwumwuka usigaye mukuzunguruka, bigoye kumenya29.Ibinyuranye, gahunda ya T-ihwanye nubushyuhe, nubwo igereranijwe, iroroshye30.Irashobora gukoreshwa kuri coil ishimishije hamwe no kunyeganyega birebire bya GMT.
Inteko rusange yubusa ya silindrike ikoreshwa mugushushanya coil ishushanya hamwe nigishushanyo cyayo cya T-gihwanye nubushyuhe, cyabonetse mugisubizo cyuburinganire bwubushyuhe, byerekanwe mumitini.3. Bifatwa ko ubushyuhe butemba muri coil yishimye bwigenga mubyerekezo bya radiyo na axial.Ubushyuhe bwo kuzenguruka butitaweho.Muri buri cyerekezo gihwanye na T, imirongo ibiri yerekana ubushyuhe bwubuso bwibintu, naho itumanaho rya gatatu T6 ryerekana ubushyuhe buringaniye bwibintu.Igihombo cyibigize P6 cyinjijwe nkisoko yingingo yubushyuhe buringaniye ibarwa muri "Field coil ubushyuhe bwo kubara".Kubijyanye no kwigana bidahagaze, ubushobozi bwubushyuhe C6 butangwa nuburinganire.(1) byongewe kandi kuri Impuzandengo yubushyuhe.
Aho cec, ρec na Vec byerekana ubushyuhe bwihariye, ubwinshi nubunini bwa coil ishimishije.
Imbonerahamwe.1 yerekana ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa T-uhwanye nubushyuhe bwumuriro wa coil hamwe nuburebure bwa lec, ubushyuhe bwumuriro λec, radiyo yo hanze rec1 na radiyo y'imbere rec2.
Amashanyarazi ashimishije hamwe na T-bihwanye na sisitemu yumuriro: (a) mubisanzwe ibintu bya silindrike yubusa, (b) gutandukanya axial na radiyo T-bihwanye nubushyuhe bwumuriro.
Umuzunguruko uhwanye na T werekanye ko ari ukuri kubindi bituruka ku bushyuhe bwa silindrike13.Kuba isoko nyamukuru yubushyuhe bwa GMO, inkoni ya HMM ifite ubushyuhe butagabanije bitewe nubushyuhe buke bwumuriro, cyane cyane kuruhande rwinkoni.Ibinyuranye na byo, inhomogeneité ya radiyo irashobora kwirengagizwa, kubera ko ubushyuhe bwa radiyo yinkoni ya HMM ari munsi cyane yubushyuhe bwa radiyo 31.
Kugirango ugaragaze neza urwego rwo gutandukanya inkoni no kubona ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, inkoni ya GMM igereranwa n node ihujwe kimwe mu cyerekezo cya axial, kandi umubare wumutwe n wagereranijwe ninkoni ya GMM ugomba kuba udasanzwe.Umubare uhwanye na axial yumuriro ni n T ishusho ya 4.
Kugirango umenye umubare wimyanya n ikoreshwa mugushushanya umurongo wa GMM, ibisubizo bya FEM byerekanwe mumitini.5 nkibisobanuro.Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo.4, umubare wumutwe n ugengwa na gahunda yubushyuhe bwinkoni ya HMM.Buri node irashobora kugereranwa nkumuzingi wa T-uhwanye.Ugereranije ibisubizo bya FEM, kuva ku gishushanyo cya 5 byerekana ko imitwe imwe cyangwa itatu idashobora kwerekana neza ikwirakwizwa ryubushyuhe bwinkoni ya HIM (uburebure bwa mm 50) muri GMO.Iyo n yongerewe kuri 5, ibisubizo byigero bitera imbere cyane kandi wegera FEM.Kwiyongera n nanone bitanga ibisubizo byiza kubiciro byigihe cyo kubara.Kubwibyo, muriyi ngingo, 5 node zatoranijwe kugirango zerekane umurongo wa GMM.
Ukurikije isesengura rigereranya ryakozwe, gahunda nyayo yubushyuhe yinkoni ya HMM irerekanwa ku gishushanyo cya 6. T1 ~ T5 nubushyuhe buringaniye bwibice bitanu (igice 1 ~ 5) cyinkoni.P1-P5 byerekana imbaraga zose zumuriro wibice bitandukanye byinkoni, bizaganirwaho muburyo burambuye mugice gikurikira.C1 ~ C5 nubushobozi bwubushyuhe bwakarere kamwe, bushobora kubarwa nuburyo bukurikira
aho crod, ρrod na Vrod bisobanura ubushobozi bwihariye bwubushyuhe, ubwinshi nubunini bwinkoni ya HMM.
Ukoresheje uburyo bumwe nkubwa coil cohejuru, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwinkoni ya HMM ku gishushanyo cya 6 birashobora kubarwa nk
aho lrod, rrod na λrod byerekana uburebure, radiyo nubushyuhe bwumuriro bwinkoni ya GMM.
Kubijyanye no kunyeganyega birebire GMT yize muriyi ngingo, ibice bisigaye hamwe numwuka wimbere birashobora kugereranwa numurongo umwe.
Uturere dushobora gufatwa nkaho tugizwe na silinderi imwe cyangwa nyinshi.Guhuza ubushyuhe bwoguhuza gusa mubice bya silindrike bisobanurwa n amategeko yo gutwara ubushyuhe bwa Fourier nkuko
Aho λnhs nubushyuhe bwumuriro bwibikoresho, lnhs nuburebure bwa axial, rnhs1 na rnhs2 ni radiyo yo hanze ninyuma yibintu byohereza ubushyuhe.
Ikigereranyo (5) gikoreshwa mukubara imishwarara yumuriro wa radiyo kuri utwo turere, ihagarariwe na RR4-RR12 ku gishushanyo cya 7. Muri icyo gihe, Ikigereranyo (6) gikoreshwa mu kubara ubushyuhe bw’umuriro wa axial, bugereranywa kuva RA15 kugeza RA33 ku gishushanyo 7.
Ubushobozi bwubushyuhe bwumurongo umwe wumuriro wumuriro wavuzwe haruguru (harimo C7 - C15 kumashusho 7) urashobora kugenwa nkuko
aho ρnhs, cnhs, na Vnhs nuburebure, ubushyuhe bwihariye, nubunini.
Ihererekanyabubasha rya convective hagati yumwuka uri imbere ya GMT hamwe nubuso bwurubanza hamwe nibidukikije bigereranywa numurwanya umwe wogukoresha amashyuza kuburyo bukurikira:
aho A ni ihuriro ryubuso na h ni coefficient de transfert.Imbonerahamwe 232 yerekana urutonde rusanzwe rukoreshwa muri sisitemu yubushyuhe.Ukurikije Imbonerahamwe.Coefficient 2 zoherejwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro RH8 - RH10 na RH14 - RH18, byerekana guhuza hagati ya HMF nibidukikije mumitini.7 bifatwa nkigiciro gihoraho cya 25 W / (m2 K).Coefficient zisigaye zoherejwe zashyizweho zingana na 10 W / (m2 K).
Ukurikije uburyo bwo kohereza ubushyuhe bwimbere bwerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 2, icyitegererezo cyuzuye cya TETN gihindura cyerekanwe ku gishushanyo 7.
Nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo.7, ihindagurika rya GMT rirerire rigabanijwemo amapfundo 16, agereranwa nududomo dutukura.Ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwerekanwe murugero buhuye nubushyuhe buringaniye bwibigize.Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije T0, Ubushyuhe bwa GMM T1 ~ T5, ubushyuhe bwa coil ya T6, ubushyuhe bwa magneti burigihe T7 na T8, ubushyuhe bwingogo T9 ~ T10, ubushyuhe bwikibazo T11 ~ T12 na T14, ubushyuhe bwikirere bwimbere T13 hamwe nubushyuhe bwinkoni T15.Mubyongeyeho, buri node ihujwe nubushyuhe bwubutaka bwubutaka binyuze muri C1 ~ C15, byerekana ubushobozi bwubushyuhe bwa buri gace.P1 ~ P6 nubushuhe bwuzuye bwa GMM inkoni hamwe na coil coiter.Byongeye kandi, 54 yubushyuhe bwumuriro bukoreshwa muguhuza imiyoboro ya convective na convective yo guhererekanya ubushyuhe hagati yumutwe wegeranye, wabazwe mubice byabanjirije.Imbonerahamwe 3 irerekana ibintu bitandukanye biranga ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bihindura.
Kugereranya neza ingano yigihombo no kuyikwirakwiza ningirakamaro mugukora amashusho yizewe.Gutakaza ubushyuhe byatewe na GMT birashobora kugabanywa mu gutakaza magnetiki yinkoni ya GMM, gutakaza Joule ya coil ya moteri, gutakaza imashini, hamwe nigihombo cyiyongereye.Igihombo cyinyongera hamwe nubukanishi bwitondewe ni bike kandi birashobora kwirengagizwa.
Ac excitation coil irwanya harimo: dc irwanya Rdc hamwe no kurwanya uruhu amafaranga.
aho f na N ninshuro numubare wimpinduka zibyishimo bigezweho.lCu na rCu ni radiyo y'imbere n'inyuma ya coil, uburebure bwa coil, hamwe na radiyo y'umuringa wa magneti wumuringa nkuko byasobanuwe numero ya AWG (American Wire Gauge).ρCu ni ukurwanya intandaro yacyo.µCu ni rukuruzi ya rukuruzi yibanze.
Umwanya wa magneti nyirizina imbere muri coil (solenoid) ntabwo ari kimwe muburebure bwinkoni.Iri tandukaniro rigaragara cyane cyane bitewe na magnetiki yo hasi ya HMM na PM.Ariko birebire.Ikwirakwizwa ryumurima wa magneti rigena mu buryo butaziguye ikwirakwizwa ryigihombo cya rukuruzi ya HMM.Kubwibyo, kugirango ugaragaze igabanywa nyaryo ryigihombo, inkoni yibice bitatu, yerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 8, ifatwa kubipimo.
Igihombo cya magnetiki gishobora kuboneka mugupima dinamike ya hystereze.Ukurikije urubuga rwubushakashatsi rwerekanwe ku gishushanyo cya 11, hapimwe imirongo itatu ya hystereze.Ukurikije ko ubushyuhe bwinkoni ya GMM butajegajega munsi ya 50 ° C, amashanyarazi ashobora gutangwa (Chroma 61512) atwara igiceri cyumurima murwego runaka, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo cya 8, inshuro yumurima wa rukuruzi wakozwe na ikizamini cyikigereranyo hamwe nibisohoka bya magnetiki flux bibarwa muguhuza voltage iterwa na coil induction ihujwe ninkoni ya GIM.Amakuru yibanze yakuwe muri memoire yibuka (MR8875-30 kumunsi) hanyuma atunganyirizwa muri software ya MATLAB kugirango abone ibipimo byapimwe bya hystereze byapimwe byerekanwe kumashusho 9.
Ibipimo bya hystereze byapimwe: (a) igice 1/5: Bm = 0.044735 T, (b) igice cya 1/5: fm = 1000 Hz, (c) igice 2/4: Bm = 0.05955 T, (d) igice cya 2 / 4: fm = 1000 Hz, (e) igice cya 3: Bm = 0.07228 T, (f) igice cya 3: fm = 1000 Hz.
Ukurikije ubuvanganzo 37, igihombo cyose cya magnetiki Pv kuri buri gipimo cyinkoni ya HMM irashobora kubarwa ukoresheje formula ikurikira:
aho ABH nigice cyo gupimisha kumurongo wa BH kumurongo wa magnetiki yumurongo wa fm uhwanye numurongo wibyishimo f.
Ukurikije uburyo bwo gutandukanya igihombo cya Bertotti38, igihombo cya magneti kuri mass mass Pm yinkoni ya GMM irashobora kugaragazwa nkigiteranyo cyigihombo cya hystereze Ph, igihombo cya eddy igihombo Pe hamwe nigihombo kidasanzwe Pa (13):
Urebye muburyo bwa injeniyeri38, igihombo kidasanzwe hamwe nigihombo cya eddy kirashobora guhuzwa mumagambo amwe yitwa igihombo cyuzuye.Rero, formula yo kubara igihombo irashobora koroshya kuburyo bukurikira:
mu kuringaniza.(13) ~ (14) aho Bm ni amplitude yubucucike bwa magneti yumurima ushimishije.kh na kc nibintu byo gutakaza hystereze hamwe nibintu byose eddy igihombo.